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Restitutti F Honkavaara JM Raekallio MR Kuusela EK Vainio OM 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(5):415-422
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of three doses of L-659’066 (MK-467) on the bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation in dexmedetomidine-sedated Beagles.Study designRandomized, experimental cross over study.AnimalsEight purpose-bred healthy laboratory Beagles.MethodsDexmedetomidine (10 μg kg?1 IV [DEX]) was administered alone or in combination with three doses of L-659’066 (250 μg kg?1 [DL250]; 500 μg kg?1 [DL500] and 750 μg kg?1 [DL750] IV) in the same syringe in a randomized crossover manner. The bispectral index (BIS), electromyography (EMG) and sedation score were recorded at baseline and 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after treatment.ResultsWhen compared to DEX, BIS and EMG were significantly higher and the sedation score significantly lower with DL500 and DL750. With DEX, BIS was significantly decreased at times 20, 30 and 60 minutes whereas the sedation scores were significantly increased at all time points after drug administration in all groups. Bioequivalence for clinical sedation was detected between DEX and all doses of L-659’066, reaching European Medicines Agency (EMA) standards.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlthough L-659’066 interfered with dexmedetomidine induced sedation, the degree of the reduction was not clinically relevant. Despite performing better when dexmedetomidine was used alone, BIS did not reflect the clinical sedative status when the antagonist was added. 相似文献
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Barbara J. M. Lemos Flavia M. Souza Emmanuel Arnhold Edemilson C. Conceição Victor R. M. Couto Juliano J. R. Fernandes 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):639-652
The effects of doses CTL (0 mg), 30, 300 and 3000 mg/L of extracts from Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (SA), Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil (LP), Copaifera spp. (CO) and Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (PE) on ruminal fermentation were investigated in eight experiments conducted in randomized complete block designs. The in vitro system contained four fermentation vessels. Each treatment was allocated in one vessel in each run. Incubation was run four and five times with diets 50:50 and 10:90 (roughage to concentrate ratio) respectively. Incubation vessel was the experimental unit, and each incubation run was a block. All plant extracts negatively affected DM degradation at 3000 mg/L. In diet 50:50, SA-3000 increased the molar proportion of propionate (p < 0.05), yet it decreased the concentration of fermentation products (p < 0.05); LP-300 reduced ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N; 98 vs. 120 mg/dl for LP-300 and average of CTL and LP-30, respectively) and isobutyrate (p < 0.05); CO-300 reduced (p < 0.05) NH3-N (98 vs. 123 mg/dl for CO-300 and average of CTL and CO-30, respectively); and P. emarginatus had no positive effects on rumen fermentation (p > 0.05). In diet 10:90, SA-300 reduced (p < 0.001) NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids (VFA); LP-30 increased (p < 0.05) total VFA (85 vs. 63 mM for LP-30 and CTL, respectively), molar proportions of acetate and propionate, and had lower C2:C3 than CTL (3.6 vs. 4.3, respectively); CO-300 decreased acetate and increased propionate, reducing C2:C3 (p < 0.001; 2.8 vs. 3.6 for CO-300 and average of other doses, respectively); PE-30 and PE-300 reduced NH3-N by 14% and increased total VFA by 29% compared with CTL (p < 0.05). Further in vivo investigations may consider L. pacari (LP-30), Copaifera spp. (CO-300) oleoresin and P. emarginatus oleoresin (PE-30 and PE-300) in diets with high inclusion of concentrate. 相似文献
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Franconi F Coinu R Carta S Urgeghe PP Ieri F Mulinacci N Romani A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):3121-3125
In vitro studies show that some individual minor polar phenolic compounds (MPC) present in virgin olive oil prevent oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL), but few data are available on the antioxidant effect of whole oil extract. Thus, whole virgin olive extracts were studied to determine whether they maintain the antioxidant activity and whether this last is linked to MPC composition of a single virgin oil. Using HPLC-DAD the MPC content in Taggiasca and Seggianese virgin olive oils was measured. Taggiasca oil was less rich in total MPC (208.5 mg/L) than Seggianese oil (441.9 mg/L). In addition, the major compounds of Taggiasca oil were lignan derivatives, whereas the major compounds in Seggianese oils were secoiridoid derivatives. Moreover, Taggiasca oil was practically free of 5-hydroxytyrosol and 5-hydroxytyrosol derivatives, deacetoxy-oleuropein aglycone and oleuropein aglycone. The antioxidant activity of the oils on human LDL was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde and conjugate diene generation induced by copper ions. In both tests, the oil extracts dose-dependently reduced malondialdehyde and conjugate diene generation. Moreover, antioxidant potency correlated with total MPC; thus, Seggianese extract was more active. The two oils differed quantitatively and qualitatively, and these differences influenced their biological activities; thus clinical trials focused on studying the effects of olive oils should specify the oils used. 相似文献
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Flavia Rita Ferreira Francisco Ribeiro de Araujo Neto Henrique Barbosa Borges Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta‐Borquis Naudim Alejandro Hurtado‐Lugo Henrique Nunes de Oliveira Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque Humberto Tonhati 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1212-1219
This article reports genetic analysis of the weight at different ages of Murrah water buffaloes, using random regression models (RRM). Models ranging from third to sixth order polynomial were used to describe direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects. Contemporary group was included as a fixed effect, and a cubic polynomial was used to model the mean curve of the population. The residual was modeled considering a log‐linear function. Two models were selected for study of genetic parameters. The first model included third and sixth order polynomials for direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects (M36). The second model included sixth order polynomials for all random effects (M66). The estimates of heritability varied from 0.16 + 0.04 (44 days) to 0.38 + 0.04 (568 days) for model M36 and from 0.16 + 0.05 (33 days) to 0.42 + 0.05 (600 days) for model M66. Regarding estimates of the correlation for all effects, the magnitude tended to decline with the increase of the time span between measurements. These results indicate that the species has potential for genetic selection based on weight at different ages, since we found favorable genetic variability within the herd, with selection likely to be more efficient at ages near 600 days. 相似文献
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Flavia Restitutti M. Johanna Kaartinen Marja R. Raekallio Otto Wejberg Emmi Mikkola Jerome R.E. del Castillo Mika Scheinin Outi M. Vainio 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):417-426
Objective
We investigated the plasma concentrations and cardiovascular effects of intramuscularly (IM) administered medetomidine, administered alone or with three different doses of MK-467.Study design
Prospective, randomized, open, crossover trial.Animals
Eight purpose-bred healthy Beagle dogs.Methods
Each dog was administered four treatments: medetomidine 20 μg kg–1 IM alone or mixed in the same syringe with MK-467 (200 μg kg–1, 400 μg kg–1 or 600 μg kg–1). Instrumentation was performed under standardized anaesthesia. The dogs were allowed to recover before measurement of baseline values. Composite sedation scores, cardiovascular variables, i.e., heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial and central venous blood pressures (MAP and CVP) and arterial blood gases were recorded at baseline and for 60 minutes after treatment. Drug concentrations in venous plasma were analysed. Generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures with post hoc Bonferroni correction were used with statistical significance level set at α = 0.05.Results
All treatments initially demonstrated the effects of medetomidine: HR and CO decreased and CVP increased. MAP transiently increased and then significantly decreased from baseline with the two highest MK-467 doses. The cardiovascular effects of medetomidine disappeared more rapidly with MK-467 than with medetomidine alone. With medetomidine alone, sedation scores remained high until the end of the 60 minute follow-up. Maximum concentrations of medetomidine were more rapidly achieved and were higher with MK-467.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Initial haemodynamic effects of medetomidine were not prevented by MK-467, but these effects were attenuated and their duration shortened by MK-467, independently of dose. Absorption of medetomidine was accelerated by MK-467, when administered concomitantly IM, resulting in faster sedation; addition of MK-467 shortened the sedative effect of medetomidine. 相似文献48.
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Diets supplemented with microalgal biomass: effects on growth,survival and colouration of ornamental fish Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindacher 1882)
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Flavia Almeida Berchielli‐Morais João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes Lúcia Helena Sipaúba‐Tavares 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(10):3061-3069
This study evaluated the effects of the addition of microalgae (Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Haematococcus pluvialis) to the fish diet in improving the growth and optimal pigmentation (red carotenoid) of Hyphessobrycon eques. The basal mixed diets consisted of a formulated diet, supplemented with dried microalgae biomass of A. gracilis (1.5 g kg?1) and H. pluvialis (1.5 g kg?1). The live food diets contained zooplankton was cultured in open ponds, associated with microalgae. All the microalgae were cultured in the laboratory. No mortality was observed with any experimental diets. Fish performance results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the basal diet (BD) and the live food diet. The higher weight and total length were observed with mixed diets (BD + H. pluvialis and BD + A. gracilis). The mixed diets promoted more intense values of chroma (Cab*), lightness (L*) and redness (a*) to H. eques. Diaphanosoma birgei (Cladocera) represented more than 32% of zooplankton ingested by ornamental fish in live food (zooplankton and zooplankton + microalgae), and Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Copepoda) was the species most ingested by H. eques in live food dietary treatment zooplankton. The feeding behaviour observed in the laboratory as well as the food preferences of H. eques was dependent on the zooplankton composition present in the used open ponds. This study showed that diets with microalgae and zooplankton were able to enhance the pigmentation of H. eques, being a good tool to benefit the culture management of this species. 相似文献