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11.
Rosalind Bryce Matthew K. Oliver Llinos Davies Helen Gray Jamie Urquhart Xavier Lambin 《Biological conservation》2011,(1):575-583
Successful eradications of harmful invasive species have been mostly confined to islands while control programs in mainland areas remain small, uncoordinated and vulnerable to recolonisation. To allow the recovery of threatened native species, innovative management strategies are required to remove invasives from large areas. We took an adaptive approach to achieve large scale eradication of invasive American mink in North East Scotland. The project was centred on the Cairngorms National Park (Scotland), with the primary aim of protecting endangered water vole populations. The project was initiated by scientists and supported and implemented through a partnership comprising a government agency, national park authority and local fisheries boards. Capitalising on the convergent interests of a diverse range of local stakeholders, we created a coordinated coalition of trained volunteers to detect and trap mink. Starting in montane headwaters, we systematically moved down river catchments, deploying mink rafts, an effective detection and trapping platform. Volunteers took increasing responsibility for raft monitoring and mink trapping as the project progressed. Within 3 years, the project removed 376 mink from 10570 km2 with the involvement of 186 volunteers. Capture rate within sub-catchments increased with greater connectivity to mink in other sub-catchments and with proximity to the coast where there is more productive habitat. The main factor underpinning the success of this project was functional volunteer participation. The project is a reason for optimism that the tide of invasion can be rolled back on a large scale where the convergent interest of local communities can be harnessed. 相似文献
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13.
Susan J. Sprague Marie-Hélène Balesdent Hortense Brun Helen L. Hayden Stephen J. Marcroft Xavier Pinochet Thierry Rouxel Barbara J. Howlett 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(1):33-40
Resistance of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) conferred by three different major resistance genes has been overcome by changes in virulence of Leptosphaeria maculans populations in France and Australia. In South Australia where B. napus cultivars with major gene resistance derived from Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris were grown extensively, resistance was rendered ineffective within 3 years of commercial release of the cultivar. Disease
severity was higher on cultivars with sylvestris-derived resistance than cultivars with polygenic resistance. This Australian situation is compared to that in France, where
resistance conferred by the Rlm1 gene was overcome nation-wide in 5 years under commercial cropping practices, and also where a source of resistance introgressed
into B. napus from B. juncea was rendered inefficient in 3 years in experimental field plots near Rennes. 相似文献
14.
15.
Saverio Paltrinieri Luigi Gradoni Xavier Roura Andrea Zatelli Eric Zini 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):552-578
Although several reviews on canine leishmaniasis have been published, none thoroughly described clinicopathologic abnormalities and their clinical usefulness. The aim of this review was to provide information concerning current diagnostic tests relevant for clinical pathologists and from a practical perspective. Specifically, in canine leishmaniasis, nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukogram changes may be present. Clinical chemistry and urinalysis may indicate renal dysfunction (azotemia, decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria) and an inflammatory/immune response (increased acute phase proteins [APP] or α2‐ and/or γ‐globulins). Although a potential gammopathy is usually polyclonal, it may also appear oligo‐ or monoclonal, especially in dogs coinfected by other vector‐borne pathogens. When lesions are accessible to fine‐needle aspiration (lymphoadenomegaly, nodular lesions, joint swelling), cytology is strongly advised, as the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in a pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation or lymphoplasmacytic hyperplasia is diagnostic. If the cytologic pattern is inconclusive, the parasite should be identified by histology/immunohistochemistry or PCR on surgical biopsies. Alternatively, cytology and PCR may be performed on bone marrow samples where amastigotes, along with erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, or secondary dysmyelopoiesis can be observed. Dogs with overt leishmaniasis generally have high antibody titers, while low titers predominate in immunologically resistant infected dogs or in exposed dogs with no parasite confirmation. Quantitative serology is recommended in clinically suspect dogs as high‐titer antibodies titers may confirm the clinical diagnosis. In confirmed and treated dogs, renal function and inflammatory/immune response variables should be periodically monitored. 相似文献
16.
Lydia Serrano Xavier Carbonell Robert Savé Oriol Marfà Josep Peñuelas 《Irrigation Science》1992,13(1):45-48
Summary Strawberry plants (Fragaria x annanasa D. cv Chandler) were grown in field plots and in drainage lysimeters under controlled soil moisture regimes. Four irrigation treatments were established by watering the plants when soil water potential reached -0.01, -0.03,-0.05 and -0.07 MPa. The maximum yield was attained at -0.01 MPa soil water potential. Differences in yield were caused by both changes in the number of fruits per plant and in the fresh weight per fruit. Yield reductions were associated with reductions in total assimilation rate resulting from the decreased assimilatory surface area in plants irrigated at lower soil water potentials. The crop water production function calculated on a fruit fresh weight basis resulted in a yield response factor (K
y) of 1.01. 相似文献
17.
Helena M. Amaro Fátima Fernandes Patrícia Valent?o Paula B. Andrade I. Sousa-Pinto F. Xavier Malcata A. Catarina Guedes 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6453-6471
Microalgae are well known for their biotechnological potential, namely with regard to bioactive lipidic components—especially carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), well-known for therapeutic applications based on their antioxidant capacity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of four distinct food-grade solvents upon extractability of specific lipidic components, and on the antioxidant capacity exhibited against both synthetic (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+•)) and biological reactive species (O2•− and •NO−). A eukaryotic microalga (Scenedesmus obliquus (M2-1)) and a prokaryotic one (Gloeothece sp.) were used as case studies. Concerning total antioxidant capacity, the hexane:isopropanol (3:2) and acetone extracts of Sc. obliquus (M2-1) were the most effective against DPPH• and ABTS+•, respectively. Gloeothece sp. ethanol extracts were the most interesting scavengers of O2•−, probably due the high content of linolenic acid. On the other hand, acetone and hexane:isopropanol (3:2) extracts were the most interesting ones in •NO− assay. Acetone extract exhibited the best results for the ABTS assay, likely associated to its content of carotenoids, in both microalgae. Otherwise, ethanol stood out in PUFA extraction. Therefore, profiles of lipidic components extracted are critical for evaluating the antioxidant performance—which appears to hinge, in particular, on the balance between carotenoids and PUFAs. 相似文献
18.
Shayne P. Bisetto Adriano B. Carregaro André E.S. Nicolai Thais F. Bressan William P. Leal Nathalia V. Xavier Diego F. Leal André F.C. Andrade 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):594-599
Objective
To evaluate the effect of hyaluronidase on uptake, duration and speed of elimination of xylazine–tiletamine–zolazepam administered in the subcutaneous fat over the dorsal lumbar region of swine.Study design
Blinded, randomized, crossover study.Animals
Six healthy Landrace/Large White pigs weighing 132 ± 24 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Animals were administered xylazine (1 mg kg?1) and tiletamine–zolazepam (8 mg kg?1) (control treatment, CON), or xylazine–tiletamine–zolazepam at the same doses with hyaluronidase (400 IU) (treatment HYA). The treatments were administered into the dorsal lumbar adipose tissue, 2.5–3.0 cm laterally from the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. The latency, anesthesia and recovery periods were measured. Heart rate, noninvasive systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and rectal temperature were recorded every 10 minutes for up to 50 minutes.Results
One animal in CON and one animal in HYA were responsive to stimulation and did not allow safe handling. No significant difference was found between treatments for latency (CON 11.3 ± 5.9 minutes, HYA 7.4 ± 5.1 minutes) and anesthesia (CON 53 ± 53 minutes, HYA 49 ± 38 minutes) periods. Recovery period was shorter in HYA (9 ± 6 minutes) than in CON (32 ± 16 minutes) (p < 0.05). Physiological variables were not significantly changed over time and were within accepted normal clinical limits for the species in both treatments.Conclusion and clinical relevance
Hyaluronidase (400 IU) administered into adipose tissue in pigs did not reduce the latency and duration of dissociative anesthesia, but was associated with faster recovery. 相似文献19.
Apimeteetumrong M Thuangsanthia A Leingcharoen N Yiengvisavakul V Harintharanon A Kunavongkrit A Sumretprasong J Vignon X Techakumphu M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1529-1534
This study was conducted to compare the developmental competence of somatic nuclear transfer (NT) embryos, after either ionomycin or ethanol activation, in locally bred goats. Donor cells were prepared from the ear skin fibroblasts of a female goat. Cells, at passage 3-8, starved by culturing in 0.5% FCS for 4-8 d, were used for NT. Immature oocytes were obtained from FSH-stimulated goats and matured for 22 hr before enucleation and NT. After fusion, the reconstructed embryos were activated with either ionomycin or ethanol followed by culturing in 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) and cytochalasin B (CB), for 3 hr. In experiment I, the fused NT embryos (n=63, ionomycin and n=68, ethanol treatments, respectively) were cultured in B2 with a Vero co-culture system and their developmental competence was evaluated through to Day 9. In experiment II, the NT embryos at the 2-4 cell stage on Day 2 derived from each treatment (ionomycin n=46, and ethanol n=37), were transferred into 10 synchronous recipients. There were no significant differences between the NT embryos derived from the ionomycin and ethanol groups, in fusion (86.3% versus 82.9%), cleavage (90.5% versus 82.4%) and for morula/blastocyst development rates (9.5% versus 5.9%). Sixty percent (3/5) of the recipients from ionomycin became pregnant by midterm (2.5 mts) while only 20% (1/5) from ethanol treatment was pregnant by Day 45. The results demonstrate that activation with either ionomycin or ethanol in combination with 6-DMAP-CB treatment does not affect the development of cloned goat embryos. 相似文献
20.
Aurilides are a class of depsipeptides occurring mainly in marine cyanobacteria. Members of the aurilide family have shown to exhibit strong cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. These compounds bear a pentapeptide, a polyketide, and an α-hydroxy ester subunit in their structure. A large number of remarkable studies on aurilides have emerged since 1996. This comprehensive account summarizes the biological activities and total syntheses of natural compounds of the aurilide family as well as their synthetic analogues. 相似文献