Effect of dietary lysine on growth,intestinal enzymes activities and antioxidant status of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

The dietary lysine requirement of sub-adult grass carp (460 ± 1.5 g) was assessed by feeding diets supplemented with grade levels of lysine (6.6, 8.5, 10.8, 12.9, 15.0 and 16.7 g kg^?1 diet) for 56 days. The test diets (28 % CP) contained fish meal, casein and gelatin as sources of intact protein, supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Weight gain (WG), feed intake and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing levels of lysine up to 12.9 g kg^?1 diet and thereafter declined (P < 0.05). Quadratic regression analysis of WG at 95 % maximum response indicated lysine requirement was 10.9 g kg^?1 diet. Activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase in intestine, creatine kinase activity in proximal and mid-intestine responded similar to WG (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid and protein oxidation decreased with increasing levels of lysine up to certain values and increased thereafter (P < 0.05); the anti-hydroxyl radical capacity, dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and glutathione content were increased with increasing dietary lysine levels up to certain values in the detected tissues, except for hepatopancreatic GST. Requirement estimated on the basis of malondialdehyde content in intestine and hepatopancreas was 10.6 and 9.53 g lysine kg^?1 diet, respectively.     

Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in different coloured cultivars of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC)

Anthocyanins are responsible for the colour of many fruits, vegetables, flowers, and coloured-leaved trees. Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is widely cultivated for its colourful inner leaves. To investigate the relationship between the degree of colouration and anthocyanin distribution, content, and composition in ornamental kale, the authors studied the pigment characteristics of five cultivars with different coloured leaves (white, pink, red, purple, and purple-black). Microscopy observation, spectrophotometer, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of fresh inner leaves revealed that pink, red, and purple colourations were associated with high levels of anthocyanin, while purple-black was the result of the combination of anthocyanins and chlorophyll. In the coloured cultivars, anthocyanins were abundant mainly in the first and second cell layers below the epidermis in both the hypocotyls and inner leaves. No anthocyanin was found in the white-leaved phenotype cultivar. Anthocyanin content increased as leaf colour deepened from pink, red, to purple cultivars, which had little chlorophyll and carotenoid. The authors identified eight anthocyanins in the four coloured cultivars, including one non-acylated, four monoacylated, and three diacylated cyanidin glycosides. Cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)(feruloyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in the four coloured cultivars followed by cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside. The analysis of anthocyanin accumulation characterisation provides important information on evaluating colouration patterns in coloured plants, and will be helpful for breeding desired leaf colours in ornamental kale.     

牛磺酸在水产饲料中的应用

本文概述了牛磺酸的含量及分布、合成与代谢、生物学作用及其在水产饲料中的应用效果,并指出了牛磺酸在水产养殖中的应用前景及研究方向。     

基于迁移学习和金字塔卷积网络的河蟹个体图像识别方法研究

针对目前河蟹追溯成本高、消费者无法细粒度地追溯单体河蟹信息等问题,提出一种基于迁移学习和金字塔卷积的河蟹背甲图像个体识别算法。该算法使用金字塔卷积层替换普通残差卷积块构建网络模型,可以从蟹背图像中提取多尺度、深层次的特征信息。结果显示:采用金字塔卷积结构的Resnet34和Resnet50的准确率分别为98.38%、98.51%,与使用普通卷积层的模型相比,准确率提升5.49%、1.3%,而当模型深度达到101层时,模型性能不再明显提升。与使用金字塔卷积结构的全新学习模型相比,迁移学习方法的训练收敛迭代轮次从20轮降低至5轮,此时模型准确率为98.88%,较全新学习的准确率提升0.37%,同时弥补了样本量较少的问题。该研究为河蟹个体识别追溯提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫牛抗体消长动态的LPB-ELISA检测

分别按一次免疫、首免后第15d加强免疫和首免后第60d加强免疫程序，对3组试验牛（每组牛20头）用O型口蹄疫疫苗进行了免疫。免疫后不同时间点用液相阻断ELISA（LPB-ELISA）测定了免疫牛O型口蹄疫抗体效价。结果，首免后第15d加强免疫牛和第60d加强免疫牛抗体水平较高，50％保护牛所占比例分别为56．3％和63．1％，完全受保护的牛所占比例分别为34．3％和29．5％。第60d加强免疫牛的保护率要高于第15d加强免疫牛和一次免疫牛的保护率。结果表明，首免后第60d加强免疫是最理想的免疫程序。     

10种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果与经济效益评价

选择72%霜脲·锰锌(克露)可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%烯酰吗啉(安克)WP、25%嘧菌酯(阿米西达)悬浮剂(SC)、64%恶霜·锰锌(杀毒矾)WP、68%精甲霜灵·锰锌(金雷)水分散粒剂(WG)、70%丙森锌(安泰生)WP、68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威(银法利)SC、18.7%烯酰·吡唑酯(凯特)WG、25%双炔酰菌胺(瑞凡)SC和50%多菌灵WP等10种药剂进行了田间马铃薯晚疫病防治试验。结果表明:除50%多菌灵WP之外,其他9种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病均具有明显的防治效果和增产效果,防效均达90%以上,增产10.90%～20.30%,净收入增加500～1000元·(667m2)-1。根据药剂的防效和增产效果,提出广东省马铃薯晚疫病防治的参考药剂,首先是72%霜脲·锰锌WP和50%烯酰吗啉WP,其次是68%精甲霜灵·锰锌WG、18.7%烯酰·吡唑酯WG、25%嘧菌酯SC、70%丙森锌WP和64%恶霜·锰锌WP。     

核桃嫩枝扦插影响因子的研究

为了探索核桃嫩枝扦插影响因子,提高生根率,采用L9(34)正交试验方法,开展嫩枝扦插试验研究.结果 表明,高湿腐烂是影响核桃扦插是否成功的主要因素,插穗基部采用低浓度高锰酸钾浸泡,并补充吲哚丁酸钾和蔗糖,每天少量喷雾保湿,可以实现核桃嫩枝扦插生根率53.33％.最优方案为:基质采用珍珠岩或蛭石,插穗基部在50 mg/L高锰酸钾浸泡12h,然后补充0.04％吲哚丁酸钾和1％蔗糖6h,喷雾间隔时间为6h喷雾1min.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒重组腺病毒疫苗的构建及小鼠免疫试验

通过RT-PCR和重组PCR技术扩增出猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)疫苗株sM、M、S基因,构建重组腺病毒穿梭质粒。穿梭质粒与BJ5183细菌同源重组构建同源重组腺病毒质粒,同源重组腺病毒质粒经Pac Ⅰ酶切后转染AD-293细胞,获得3个含有目的基因的重组腺病毒。将3个具有感染能力的复制缺陷性重组腺病毒共同感染Vero细胞,细胞上清液进行小鼠免疫特性研究。结果表明,共同感染Vero细胞所得蛋白能诱导小鼠产生特异性体液免疫应答。     

不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌杀灭效果的影响

本试验以蜂球囊菌(Ascosphaera apis)为研究对象,探究不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌的杀灭效果,以期明确有效杀灭蜂球囊菌的最低辐照剂量,为Co60γ射线辐照蜜蜂饲料(特别是蜂花粉)时的辐照剂量选择提供依据。利用细菌纯化技术从患白垩病意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到蜂球囊菌,并结合形态学、乳酸酚棉兰染色及5.8SrDNA序列分析技术进行鉴定;同时制备不同梯度浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子悬液加入到蜜蜂幼虫饲料中,以饲喂方式侵染3日龄意蜂幼虫,确定半数致死浓度(LC50);蜜蜂幼虫饲料中添加上述确定LC50的孢子,以不同辐照剂量处理,并通过侵染幼虫试验,确定有效杀灭蜜蜂饲料中孢子的最低辐照剂量。结果表明,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,从患白垩病的意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到真菌即为蜜蜂白垩病的病原——蜂球囊菌;蜂球囊菌对人工饲养条件下的意蜂幼虫的LC50为9.5×104个/mL;当Co60γ射线辐照剂量为7.0kGy时,幼虫患病率与未辐照组差异显著(P0.05),由此确定对添加半数致死浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子饲料的最低有效辐照剂量为7.0kGy。     

超高效液相色谱质谱联用检测苹果和土壤中丙撑硫脲的残留分析方法

建立了丙撑硫脲在苹果和土壤中的残留分析方法。样品经提取乙腈提取、PSA净化后质谱检测器检测。结果表明:添加质量分数为0.01~0.5mg/kg时,丙撑硫脲在苹果和土壤中平均添加回收率分别为76.5%~98.3%和84.9%~99.0%,相对标准偏差分别为3.1%~4.9%和3.2%~9.0%。丙撑硫脲在苹果中的最低检出质量分数为0.01mg/kg。该方法快速简便,准确可靠。