Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

近代《春秋》学研究述略

在近代中国社会转型的大背景下,古老的《春秋》学如同其他传统学术一样,面临着向近代学术转型的痛苦抉择。现阶段关于研究《春秋》及其三传的论文甚多,其中不乏有众多名家的精辟论述。专著的撰写,不管是通论,还是断代性质,左传学、公羊学均有代表作,近代《春秋》学也时常出现在一些学术著作和文章中。时下学人的初步研究,主要围绕某一学派和单个学者或近代时期的某个阶段作零星的研究,亦有其著作考辨和资料整理。但把近代春秋学作为专题性研究的论文或专著则付之阙如,而把近代的春秋学研究放在整个近代中国社会大背景之下,与近代中国社会政治、经济、思想文化的巨大变迁结合起来的全局式、整体式研究的著作至今尚未出现。因此其学术全貌和内涵不得而知,近代《春秋》学研究任重道远。     

不同放牧制度和强度下奶牛生产性能的研究──2.放牧对奶牛产奶量及体增重的影响

本文作者在湖南南山牧场首次研究了不同放牧制度(分区轮牧和连续放牧)和放牧强度(0.467,0.667和0.867ha/头)下在多年生黑麦草/白三叶人工草地上放牧的黑白花奶牛产奶量、乳比重及体重的变化。结果表明:轮牧制奶牛的产奶量显著高于连续放牧制(1632.5vs.1462.3kg/头)。不同放牧强度下,奶牛的产奶量以中等放牧强度最高,轻牧次之,重牧最低,分别为1724.5、1571.1和1331.2kgh头。放牧期间两种放牧制间奶牛平均日增重差异不显著,以轮牧制较高(0.224vs.0.205kg/头·天);三种放牧强度间奶牛的平均日增重差异也不显著,由大到小依次为B3>B2>B1,分别为0.242、0.225和0.176kg/头·天。不同放牧处理对牛奶比重影响不大。这说明在本试验条件下,放牧制度和放牧强度对奶牛平均日增重增加影响不显著,但对奶牛的产奶量有显著的影响。     

Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from cultured Cordyceps militaris

Four polysaccharides from the water extract of cultured Cordyceps militaris were isolated through ethanol precipitation, deproteination and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weights were determined using gel-filtration chromatography. Among the four isolated polysaccharides, the structures of two of them (CPS-2 and CPS-3) were elucidated by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, IR and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy.     

拮抗南方根结线虫PKS基因的筛选及活性评价

土壤环境中蕴藏着巨大的微生物资源,而99%的土壤微生物不能用传统的纯培养。本研究基于西藏米拉山高寒草甸土壤微生物宏基因组Fosmid文库,采用PCR方法从文库中筛选PKS基因,以南方根结线虫(Meloido-gyne incognita)为靶标测定其杀线活性,并验证温室盆栽防效。从Fosmid文库中筛选得到2个含PKS基因的克隆K99和K82。K99属于Ⅰ型PKS,K82属于杂合PKS/NRPS;K99发酵液、热处理发酵液浸泡南方根结线虫J2 12 h后,杀线活性为100%。温室盆栽防效结果表明,K99的发酵菌液对南方根结线虫的防效为89%。K99能产生一种外分泌有杀线活性的物质,其热稳定性好,具有重要的开发利用价值。     

禁抗前后规模鸡场环境中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药的敏感性比较

为了解规模鸡场两种环境细菌在禁抗前后耐药性的变化,以评估使用抗菌药对养殖场用药的影响,通过对禁抗前以及禁抗6个月后规模鸡场的环境进行采样,培养分离大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌),然后针对15种常见抗菌药物开展药敏试验,并对敏感性进行比对。结果显示:禁抗前规模鸡场分离的大肠杆菌对妥布霉素、林可霉素、头孢拉定、卡拉霉素等较敏感,而对磺胺异噁唑、土霉素、头孢唑林和青霉素等耐药;金葡菌对头孢曲松、卡拉霉素、头孢唑啉、氟苯尼考等较敏感,而对土霉素、磺胺异噁唑、庆大霉素、妥布霉素等耐药。禁抗6个月后,两种细菌对大部分抗菌药的敏感性都有不同程度的增加,但对土霉素、磺胺异噁唑、氟苯尼考、青霉素等的敏感性增加不多甚至有降低。结果表明禁抗总体上可以增强鸡场环境中两种细菌对抗菌药的敏感性,降低耐药性。本文为指导规模鸡场禁用和科学使用抗菌药物提供了数据支持。     

Polymorphism identification in BMP15 and GDF9 genes and their association with egg production in chickens

1. Mutations in growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are significantly associated with reproductive performance in mammals and the objective of the present study was to identify polymorphic sites and elucidate the association between genotypes in BMP15 and GDF9 and egg production.

2. Polymorphisms in BMP15 exon1 and GDF9 exon2 were detected by DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. Three SNPs were detected in each of BMP15 (A111G, C231T and C34T) and GDF9 (G593A, T824C and C896T). C34T leads to the substitution of Leu by Phe, which was predicted to affect protein function.

3. Results of the association analysis indicated that C34T had an effect on total egg production at 300 d of age (EN) and age at first laying (AFE). G593A affected EN and both C231T and C896T influenced AFE. The TGC₁TGC₁ diplotype in BMP15 had the highest EN.

4. In conclusion, EN may be significantly improved by marker-assisted selection of the BMP15 genotypes in maternal lines of Shaobo hens.     

荷斯坦奶牛BoLA—DRB3基因多态性与乳房炎相关性分析

本研究采用HaeⅢ和EstY Ⅰ内切酶,以PCR-RFLP方法分别检测了新疆地区引进的澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛BoLA-DRB3基因的多态性及其与乳房炎的相关性.结果共检测到9种基因型5种等位基因.其中基因型HaeⅢAB和Bsty ⅠAA为优势基因型.等位基因HaeⅡA和Bsty Ⅰ A为优势基因;在高于健康牛的分布频率中,基因型HaeⅢAB和Bsty ⅠAB,基因HaeⅢB和BstY Ⅰ A基因频率在感染牛中分布频率最高:在高于感染牛的分布频率中.基因型HaeⅢAA和BstY Ⅰ AA,基因HaeⅢA和BstY Ⅰ A在健康牛中分布频率最高.经X2适合性检验,HaeⅢ酶切位点的碱基突变偏离平衡状态(P<0.01),而BstY Ⅰ酶切位点碱基突变达到平衡状态(P>0.05);HaeⅢ酶切基因型和基因频率在感染牛和健康牛中分布差异均极显著(P<0.01);BstYⅠ酶切基因型和基因频率在感染牛和健康牛中的分布差异均不显著(P>0.05).     

面向高比例分布式光伏发电消纳的复合型需求侧响应控制

在大力推进分布式光伏发电的形势下,利用负荷侧灵活性资源提升光伏消纳水平并改善电网运行经济性已成为促进新能源发展的重要措施,如何高效进行需求侧响应控制是目前该领域研究的关键问题之一。传统的峰谷分时电价仅根据区域电网内的负荷变化的总体情况确定分时段电价实现削峰填谷,该方法未考虑区域内新增电源的发电特性,从而导致负荷调整的灵活性较差,无法有效解决区域内光伏消纳的问题。该研究针对光伏装机比例较高的区域配电网尤其是乡村配电网,提出一种基于优化调整分时电价时段的激励型需求侧响应和区域集中优化调控相结合的配电网复合型需求响应控制策略。该策略首先结合负荷需求和光伏出力曲线对分时电价峰谷时段进行因地制宜的自适应调整;其次,基于新的电价时段进行用户侧分布式最优出力计划建模,并给出用户侧可削减、可时移负荷的响应调整范围的计算方法;最后由区域调度中心实现负荷集中控制。通过算例对比验证该文方法在计及用户舒适度的基础上,弃光率和系统综合运行成本较优化前均有明显降低,解决了含高比例光伏配电网的光伏消纳及经济运行问题,为配电网精细化管理水平的提升提供了理论依据。     

古泰山女儿茶考述

泰山女儿茶,是中国古代北方茶区的特色。笔者在对泰山女儿茶的古籍文献进行梳理的基础上,探究了泰山女儿茶的植物种类,并为"《红楼梦》中提到的女儿茶是泰山女儿茶"这一观点提供了论据。