农用无人机移动补给平台自主降落算法与试验

为实现根据无人机作业位置改变中途补充能源或喷洒物的起降地点,增加无人机有效作业时间,提高无人机作业效率,设计了无人机移动补给平台。通过研究农用无人机自主降落过程,提出一种基于模糊逻辑和比例积分微分(Proportional-integral and derivative,PID)分段控制的农用无人机跟踪降落算法,该算法既拥有PID算法的高精度,又兼顾模糊控制算法响应速度快、超调量小、鲁棒性强的优点。目标轨迹跟踪预测由粒子滤波器跟踪算法和轨迹拟合算法相结合进行求解。仿真和现场试验表明,与单一的PID算法和模糊逻辑算法相比,分段控制算法能够把农用无人机对移动补给平台的跟踪误差缩小到6. 7 cm以内,在移动补给平台上的降落精度控制在7. 2 cm以内。     

全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机设计与试验

为进一步提升全膜双垄沟覆膜种床机械化耕整作业效果与作业效率,基于全膜双垄沟种床双幅覆膜覆土农艺技术栽培模式,设计全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机,实现了全膜双垄沟种床构建过程中的旋耕、起垄、施肥、双幅覆膜覆土及镇压的一体化作业。在设定联合作业机传动系统的前提下,对样机关键部件进行设计与选型,确定其旋耕刀组、排肥装置、提土-种床覆土装置的工作参数与功耗,同时解析了刮板式提土装置、水平双向螺旋输土装置作业过程,得到满足双幅覆膜种床各部位覆土的必要条件。应用离散单元法对提土-种床覆土装置"提土-输土-覆土"动态作业过程进行数值模拟,分析了各工作环节输土、覆土特性,对影响覆土作业效果的相关因素进行了探讨。田间试验结果表明,当全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机前进速度为1. 10 m/s时,采光面地膜机械破损程度为39. 8 mm/m~2、种床膜边覆土宽度合格率为94. 5%、大垄垄体中心覆土宽度合格率为91. 6%、种床覆土厚度合格率为97. 5%、种床起垄高度合格率为93. 2%,试验指标均符合国家与行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计和实际作业要求,田间试验工况与仿真结果基本一致。     

Ascorbate levels and the activity of key enzymes in ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars

The objective of this study was to determine diversities of ascorbic acid (AsA) and activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism, and to determine their relationships to AsA content in the leaves of Chinese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Results showed that there were huge differences not only in the contents of AsA and glutathione (GSH) but also in the enzyme activities of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars. Control of AsA levels mainly depended on the capacity for biosynthesis and GLDH activity played a main role in determining AsA levels in the leaves of persimmon. Both MDHAR and DHAR, MDHAR in particular, also played an important role in maintaining AsA redox state by reducing oxidized AsA back to AsA. But contents of GSH and hydrogen peroide (H₂O₂) and activity of APX were not significantly correlated with AsA content in the leaves of persimmon.     

利用DAD1反义片段转化创建菜薹可调控雄性不育材料

 菜薹因为没有好的雄性不育材料或自交不亲和系,至今尚无一代杂种用于生产,根据拟南芥及白菜型油菜的花药不开裂基因DAD1的保守序列设计引物,扩增菜薹的DAD1基因片段（DAD1F）,构建反义DAD1F植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化菜薹,对转基因植株进行分子检测,鉴定其雄性不育性并进行育性恢复试验.克隆得到的菜薹的DAD1基因片段大小为678 bp,命名为BrcpDAD1F,其序列与拟南芥和白菜型油菜的DAD1高度同源,同源率分别为88％和99％;共得到了12株转基因植株,有6株在转录水平上得到表达,表现为雄性不育,花器官畸形,花粉活力低,萌发率不到10％,且开花后不能结角果或结空角果,或者得到极少种子但种子不萌发;用对照的花粉给转基因植株授粉可使其正常结实.以500 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯处理可使其雄性不育得到恢复,花粉可以在柱头和培养基上萌发,具有受精能力。T₁代可育株与不育株的比例都呈1:3分离, T₂代不同株系的育性分离比例不同,有些株系继续呈1:3的分离,有些株系全是可育株或全是不育株,说明反义抑制呈单基因稳定遗传。     

Impact of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes on transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by the observation of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes in chronic renal failure model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury. METHODS: Embryo of mice, cultured renal tubule cells and chronic renal failure rat model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury were established. The expressions of paired Box gene (pax2) and Willm’s tumor gene (WT1), as well as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a phenotype of mesenchymal cells, were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: (1) Expressions of pax2 and WT1 mRNA began at 11.5 d and 14 d of embryo and increased gradually, and expression in trace quantity at 2 weeks after birth. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that WT1 only expressed in the glomerular podocytes and expressions of pax2 and WT1 in adult renal tubular cells were negative. (2) Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 in some tubular cells appeared at week 2 and peaked at week 4 in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, both showing a same trend of expression. However, pax2 showed another peak at week 10 afterwards. (3) Re-expressions of pax2 and WT1 in TEC at 0.5 and 24 h after treated with IL-1α (10 μg/L) or AngII (10-9 mol/L) were observed respectively, followed by upregulation of α-SMA expression, and mesenchymal cells characters were shown. The effects were inhibited by Ang II receptor 2 antagonist and WT1 antibody, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adult renal tubule cells acquire re-activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes and phenotypes of mesenchymes when challenge with certain injuries. Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 genes closely relates with high concentration of bioactive facors, such as AngII and IL-1, which are involved in the mechanisms of renal tubule cells transdifferentiation.     

早熟大白菜新品种中白62号的选育

中白62号是以矬菜类型早熟材料自交系B60533和青麻叶类型材料自交系B60532为亲本配制而成的早熟大白菜一代杂种。成熟期60 d(天)左右。株型紧凑,株高39 cm,开展度57 cm,外叶深绿色,少皱、有光泽,叶缘波褶小而浅,叶柄浅绿色。叶球直筒形,顶部舒心,球高35 cm,横径13 cm,球形指数2.8,叶球净质量1.6 kg左右。每667 m2净菜产量4 600 kg左右,高抗病毒病、霜霉病、黑腐病,球叶不易发生干烧心。质地脆嫩,品质优良,适宜在辽宁、河北、天津、北京、陕西、贵州等省市及山东、黑龙江、河南、山西等省的部分地区秋季种植。     

纳米铜晶胞体积弹性模量变化规律的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学的方法详细模拟纳米铜晶胞随温度与压强变化的规律,得到了铜晶胞体积弹性模量突变的敏感压强点.模拟结果表明:单晶铜的在压强小于75GPa时体积弹性模量随温度升高而降低,随压强增大而增大;在压强大于75GPa时,体积弹性模量随温度升高而增大,随压强增大而减小.     

基于Pro／E的膜下播种机排种装置的设计与仿真分析

针对膜下播种机排种装置的工作原理,分析了种子的落种过程。利用基于特征的参数化造型软件Pro/E完成了排种装置各零部件的三维造型,并将各零部件进行了虚拟装配。用组件装配中的机构分析进行运动仿真,并对各零部件的运动情况进行了干涉检查。结果表明,该设计中各零部件不存在干涉现象,结构设计合理,利于进一步的分析研究。     

河流功能区划理论方法研究

在河流的自然功能、社会服务功能和生态环境功能的基础上,分析了进行河流功能区划的必要性。阐述了河流功能区划的内涵,构建了河流功能两级区划体系,划分了4类一级河流功能区,在一级的基础上划分二级功能区,最后,提出了河流功能区划的具体方法以及在功能区划过程中的合理性检查和必要的调整。河流功能理论方法的研究为各河流进行功能区划提供了一个思路,同时也为实施科学治水、依法管水提供了有效保障。     

沈阳市优质高产水稻品种品比试验研究

对引进的14个水稻新品种进行品比试验,鉴定各品种的丰产性、抗逆性及适应条件。试验表明:适合在沈阳地区示范推广的主要品种为辽星1号、千重浪2号、盐粳68、辽优1052和盐丰47;辽优1052相对比较适宜沈阳市以南的中晚熟稻区,并提出了部分品种在推广中应注意的问题,为水稻品种的选用提供参考。