碳纳米管对水稻种子萌发和根系生长的影响

将辽粳294水稻种子和不同浓度的碳纳米管共培养,对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长情况进行观察,研究碳纳米管对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,适当浓度的碳纳米管(50~100μg/mL)促进了水稻种子发芽、根系生长和根系活力。当碳纳米管浓度增加到150μg/mL时,根系活力较100μg/mL时降低,但仍略高于对照。说明较低浓度的碳纳米管可以促进水稻种子发芽、根系生长和根系活力,而高浓度的碳纳米管则可能产生毒害作用。     

Recovery of bioactive compounds from Pinus pinaster wood by consecutive extraction stages

Pinus pinaster wood samples, obtained at different positions of three healthy trees, were subjected to two sequential extractions using an Accelerated Solvent Extraction instrument. The first extraction was carried out with hexane (to remove lipophilic extractives) and the second one with acetone/water (95:5 v/v) to recover bioactive phenolic compounds, the target compounds of this study. The extracted fractions were assayed for total yield and composition. The extracts contained a spectrum of phenolic compounds (simple phenolics, phenolic stilbenes, flavonoids and lignans) and non-phenolic components (juvabiones, resin and fatty acids, steryl esters and triglycerides). The fractionation effects achieved by consecutive extractions and the recovery of bioactive phenolics are discussed.     

Soil water affects transpiration response to rainfall and vapor pressure deficit in poplar plantation

Influences of environmental factors on transpiration are interactive. Sensitivities of transpiration responses to both evaporative demand and rainfall under contrasting soil water conditions constitute the physiological basis of the drought tolerance of trees. Such knowledge is practically significant for plantation management, especially for irrigation management. We therefore conducted a 6-year study on the transpiration of a poplar plantation in temperate China to elucidate the existence and pattern of the influence of the soil water over stand transpiration responses to (1) vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the major indicator of air dryness and (2) the rainfall, in terms of total amount and event size. The results showed that the response of plantation transpiration (E _c ) to VPD was conditioned by soil moisture. There was a significant difference in the frequency distribution of maximum sap flux under contrasting soil relative extractable water. E _c after rainfall of different sizes varied under similar VPD. The increasing occurrences of only large rainfall events led to enhanced total E _c during the growing season, but prolonged rainless intervals did not lead to a continuous decrease of E _c , suggesting appreciable supplements from the soil water were present to sustain transpiration. In addition, the balance of soil water between replenishment and extraction also conditioned the influence of rainfall over subsequent E _c during the respective rainless intervals. Based on the E _c responses to VPD and rainfall under different soil moisture levels, irrigation that directly replenishes the deep soil layers in order to alleviate water stress on transpiration during the small-rain event-dominated growing season is an effective and water-saving approach to guarantee trees survival during drought period.     

阴香木材干燥特性研究

为掌握阴香木材的干燥特性,制定合理的干燥基准.利用百度试验法进行研究阴香木材的干燥特性,结果表明：阴香木材干燥速度为2级,较快;截面变形程度较轻,为1级;初期开裂较严重,为3级;扭曲等级为3级,无内裂.针对阴香木材的干燥特性,参照百度试验缺陷等级以及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件拟定25～ 30 mm厚阴香木材的干燥基准.在实际的窑干生产中只需对拟定的干燥基准进行适当的调整和优化便可以得到适合于阴香木材的干燥基准,提高干燥基准的制定效率,为促进阴香木材的开发和利用提供科学的理论依据.     

蝴蝶兰倍性与叶部和花部性状的相关性

【目的】研究蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis倍性与主要性状的相关性.【方法】采用压片法对85份蝴蝶兰资源的倍性进行了鉴定,测量了这些资源的气孔长度、气孔密度、叶长、叶宽、叶厚、花朵直径和花朵数.【结果和结论】85份蝴蝶兰资源中3份为二倍体,占3.5%;9份为三倍体,占10.6%;73份为四倍体,占85.9%.四倍体蝴蝶兰的气孔长度和花朵直径显著大于二倍体和三倍体,而气孔密度和花朵数显著少于二倍体和三倍体(P0.05).三倍体蝴蝶兰的气孔长度、花朵直径和花朵数与二倍体蝴蝶兰差异均不显著(P0.05),但气孔密度显著小于二倍体(P0.05).四倍体蝴蝶兰的叶长显著大于二倍体(P0.05),但二倍体与三倍体、三倍体与四倍体在叶长上差异不显著(P0.05).二倍体、三倍体和四倍体在叶宽和叶厚上差异均不显著(P0.05).蝴蝶兰倍性与气孔长度、叶长和花朵直径呈极显著的正相关关系,与气孔密度和花朵数呈极显著的负相关关系.     

基于量子点的赭曲霉毒素AsFLISA检测技术研究

建立了基于量子点标记技术的赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)双抗夹心荧光免疫检测(sandwich fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay,sFLISA)体系,包含多克隆包被抗体、生物素标记的多克隆检测抗体、量子点标记的链霉亲和素等,获得了sFLISA的最佳操作参数:包被抗体浓度2.5μg/mL,检测抗体稀释500倍,量子点标记链霉亲和素稀释100倍。该方法在OTA浓度3.125~125μg/L之间时,相对荧光强度和OTA浓度呈线性关系,回归方程为y=0.0206x+0.2018,R2=0.9924;加标回收率在90.1%~110.0%之间,变异系数均小于10%,能较好地进行赭曲霉毒素A的定量检测。     

省级农科院增强自主创新能力的实践与对策——以四川省农业科学院为例

文章以四川省农业科学院为例,全面总结了截至2013年年底该院"十一五"以来科技创新工作取得的主要成效,分析了自主创新能力提升的制约因素,提出了推动科技创新再上台阶的思路、目标与重点以及主要对策,旨在为其他省级农科院加强科技创新提供借鉴和参考,并促进相互之间的交流与合作。     

人居环境视角下的农村客运交通发展研究

通过阐述农村客运交通的发展现状、存在的主要问题以及制约因素,提出了推进农村客运交通服务均等化的发展对策。     

基质配比、有机肥添加比例和营养钵体积对红香芋幼苗生长及球茎产量的影响

为了完善红香芋育苗技术体系,培育健壮幼苗,研究了基质配比、有机肥添加比例、营养钵体积等育苗关键因素对红香芋幼苗生长及球茎产量的影响。试验以地方品种"建昌红香芋"为材料,采用5种基质配比、3种商品有机肥添加比例以及4种营养钵体积进行试验处理,以幼苗生长状态及定植后芋球茎产量为评价指标。结果表明,草炭和蛭石按1∶1(体积比)比例混合的复合基质,因其持水孔隙比例高,保水性最好,所培育的幼苗株高、植株干重及根系活力均显著高于其它基质配比;随着复合基质中有机肥添加比例的增加,红香芋出苗速度减慢,基质中添加5%的有机肥(体积比)可提高幼苗的根系活力,增加叶面积及生物量积累。随着育苗营养钵体积增大,幼苗的株高、叶面积、根系活力及植株干物质积累均增加。幼苗移栽后的球茎产量测定表明,幼苗越健壮,获得的产量越高。上述结果说明,采用草炭和蛭石按1∶1(体积比)的比例配制的复合基质、基质中添加5%的有机肥(体积比)、体积为1500 cm3的营养钵(直径×高为12 cm×13 cm)育苗,红香芋幼苗生长健壮,移栽后芋球茎产量高,可在芋头育苗栽培中应用。     

Physiological Changes and Cold Tolerance of Three Camphor Species During Natural Winter Temperature Fluctuations

The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.