快速ELISA诊断猪旋毛虫病的研究

在快速间接ELISA中将被检血清样品和酶结合物一起保温。既简化了操作步骤,又比常规ELISA缩短了30～90分钟。通过对猪旋毛虫病阴阳性血清检测,表明该方法敏感性为93.62％,特异性为96.88％。为猪旋毛虫病捉供了一种快速诊断方法。     

Experimental fetal infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. I. Virological and serological studies.

The serological and virological results of an experimental infection of bovine fetuses with bovine viral diarrhea virus are presented. Four fetuses, 120-165 days gestational age, were inoculated in utero with a second passage virus strain. Two fetuses received a sham-inoculum. A humoral immune response in the virus-inoculated fetuses, was demonstrated three weeks later. In three fetuses only IgM and IgG1 were detectable. The serum from the fourth fetus also contained IgG2 and IgA. Bovine viral diarrhea virus-neutralizing antibodies were detected in two fetuses. These two fetuses inoculated at 135-150 days gestational age, represent the youngest reported bovids, giving a specific response in three weeks following an experimental infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. The fetal sera did not contain heat-labile factors, which could mediate the neutralization. The virus was not reisolated from any of the fetuses, but viral antigen was nevertheless demonstrated by immunocytochemical methods in sections of several of the fetal organs, primarily lymphoid tissues.     

The Effects of Cesarean Section Anesthesia on Heat Loss and Heat Production in the Newborn Rabbit

The newborn of some smaller animals rely upon heat produced by nonshivering thermogenesis in the brown fat to prevent a fall in body temperature after birth. Because of their pharmacological properties, some drugs may affect nonshivering thermogenesis. Therefore, in this study, the ability of newborn rabbits delivered under Innovar-Vet, ketamine hydrochloride, methoxyflurane and epidural anesthesia to maintain the rectal, subcutaneous interscapular and lumbar temperature was investigated at an ambient temperature of 35°C or 22°C and the results compared with control newborns delivered without anesthesia. When the newborns were exposed to 35°C, the anesthetics studied had no effect on the ability of the newborn to maintain the rectal temperature and the subcutaneous temperature over the interscapular fat pad was similar to the lumbar subcutaneous temperature thereby indicating that nonshivering thermogenesis was not activated. However, at an ambient temperature of 22°C Innovar-Vet or methoxyflurane reduced the temperature difference between interscapular and lumbar temperatures to 1.6°C compared to 2.5°C in controls and the difference between core temperature and ambient temperature to 3.5°C greater compared to 7.5°C in controls. Ketamine hydrochloride or lidocaine hydrochloride plus meperidine has less effect because these compounds lack adrenergic blocking properties. These data suggest that newborns delivered under anesthetics or tranquillizers that have adrenergic blocking properties require a warm (35°C) environment to prevent a fall in core temperature.     

Detecting anti-Treponema hyodysenteriae antibodies in swine serum using immunofluorometry.

An indirect fluorescent antibody test was adapted for measuring serum anti-Treponema hyodysenteriae antibodies with a fluorometer. The immunofluorescence was recorded as fluorescent signal units. Cultures of T. hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens were used as antigen. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) correlation between the immunofluorescence recorded with the fluorometer and that evaluated visually with a microscope. The swine exposed orally to swine dysentery infective inoculum and subsequently hyperimmunized by the intravenous inoculation of live cultures of T. hyodysenteriae had the highest average fluorescent signal unit, which was 104.5. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) correlation between the level of anti-T. hyodysenteriae antibody and the interval length between the last day of diarrhea and the day of bleeding. However, in measuring fluorescent signal units in serum from swine infected with nonpathogenic large spirochetes, (T. innocens), there was also a significant (P less than 0.01) correlation between T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens as antigen. The coefficient of variation of the average fluorescent signal unit for a highly positive serum and a highly negative serum between 16 runs of assays were 5.7% and 19% respectively; the coefficient of variation of the average fluorescent signal unit for duplicate samples on 358 serum samples tested was 5.8%.     

Low-dose ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) modulates the course and magnitude of the antibody response to vaccination against Equid herpesvirus 1 in horses

The purpose of this study was to determine if ginseng fed at low levels enhances a horse's antibody response to vaccination against Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). For 28 d, 5 horses received ground, powdered ginseng (35 mg/kg body weight, 1.7 mg/kg total ginsenosides) in molasses as a carrier, and 5 received molasses only. On day 14, each horse was vaccinated against EHV-1. The time course of the antibody response to vaccination was significantly altered in the horses receiving ginseng, a clinically relevant increase in antibody titer being observed by postvaccination day 2 compared with day 6 in the control horses. The horses receiving ginseng also had a significant decrease in serum levels of sodium and a significant increase in serum levels of potassium. No adverse effects of ginseng treatment were identified by hematologic and blood biochemistry profiles. Thus, low-dose dietary supplementation with ginseng in healthy horses may be a useful adjunct to vaccination.     

西北地区8种耐旱植物营养成分在秦川肉牛瘤胃的降解情况

本试验采集了西北地区8种耐旱植物(柠条、油蒿、桑叶、苦马豆、千屈菜、香豆子、元宝枫叶、无芒雀麦),选用4头体重相近的秦川牛肉用新品系瘤胃瘘管公牛进行试验,探究8种植物干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性。结果：常规营养成分：CP含量从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、千屈菜、油蒿、元宝枫叶、柠条、香豆子、桑叶、苦马豆(P<0.05);元宝枫叶与油蒿NDF、 ADF含量相近(P>0.05),其他植物均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。瘤胃降解特性：桑叶与苦马豆的DM降解效果显著高于其他6种植物(P<0.05),无芒雀麦48 h的 DM降解率仅29.56%,显著低于其他植物(P<0.05),油蒿、千屈菜、元宝枫叶48 h时DM降解情况差异不显著(P>0.05);CP的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、千屈菜、油蒿、柠条、香豆子、桑叶、苦马豆(P<0.05);NDF的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、油蒿、千屈菜、柠条、香豆子、苦马豆、桑叶(P<0.05),ADF的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、油蒿、千屈菜、苦马豆、香豆子、柠条、桑叶,其中柠条、苦马豆、香豆子和油蒿、元宝枫叶差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

我国牦牛源冠状病毒流行现状分析

为了解我国牦源牛冠状病毒(BCoV)流行现状,通过查阅文献资料方法,汇总分析我国牦牛主产地区的BCoV检测情况。资料显示:2012年以来,我国青海、四川、新疆、西藏等牦牛主产省(自治区)的牦牛群中普遍存在BCoV感染且感染率较高,平均血清抗体阳性率多在80%以上,病原学阳性率多在60%以上。需采取加强饲养管理、控制混合感染、做好隔离净化等措施,控制牦牛群中的BCoV流行。我国的BCoV研究起步较晚,流行病学方面的报道较少,有必要进一步加强该病毒在牦牛中致病机理、流行情况和防治技术等方面的调查研究。本文为掌握我国牦牛中的BCoV流行情况及其防控提供了参考。     

罗非鱼湖病毒病传入风险分析

为评估罗非鱼湖病毒（tilapia lake virus,TiLV）跨境传入风险,按照OIE传入风险评估框架,从危害识别、风险评估及风险管理3个方面,开展了TiLV跨境传入风险分析,并提出了相应的风险控制措施。分析认为：活的敏感鱼类（包括亲鱼、鱼卵和鱼苗）,用做鲜活饵料的鱼类（野杂鱼）及冰冻和冰鲜的敏感鱼类（包括去除内脏的鱼肉）TiLV传入风险较高,而敏感鱼加工类产品、非敏感鱼类（包括活的和其他形式的产品）及运输活鱼的水、包装、运输工具和用具等传入风险较低。建议不从疫区进口高风险产品,对于低风险产品可以自由贸易,而对运输活鱼的水、包装、运输工具和用具等要进行强制常规消毒。     

国内外奶牛疫病预警监测技术发展现状

为了解国内外奶牛疫病预警技术及其应用现状,归纳了奶牛疾病的预警要求,分析了国内外8种疫病预警技术的发展现状及其在奶牛养殖中存在的局限性。一是兽医巡检预警技术：该技术较为成熟,但不能满足大规模养殖牛场迅速、高效预警的需求。二是奶样体细胞数测定技术：可初步诊断隐性乳腺炎,但需要额外细菌培养和检测确诊。三是奶牛群体改良测定技术：以监测生产性能为主,仅可预警奶牛乳腺炎及酮病。四是计步器及发情、反刍项圈预警技术：同时具备发情与反刍监测功能,但仅适用于牛群的发情与反刍监测。五是大数据挖掘技术：在数据库基础上,利用各种模型或算法预测传染病的发生和发展,但预警效率受限。六是智能化体温连续远程监测及预警技术：可预警口蹄疫等重大传染病,但无法完全替代临床诊断,不能监测病原微生物。七是基于AI和群体热成像的奶牛行为分析技术：可以监视记录奶牛行为与温度特征,锁定病畜,但对发病初期无异常行为的牛只无效。八是生物气溶胶激光光谱测量技术：通过检测病原微生物种类和浓度,达到预警疫病的目的,目前主要用于军方监测人类重大疫病。未来的奶牛疫病预警技术需要进一步相互结合、取长补短,充分利用大数据、物联网等新兴技术进行奶牛重大疫病预警诊断。本文为预警监测技术的本地化发展提供了参考。