400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂对香蕉叶斑病的防治效果

通过大田试验研究了400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病效果及其对香蕉产量的影响。研究结果表明,分别以20毫升、13.3毫升、10毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤分3次喷雾施药,第二次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在60.43-66.52%,第三次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在75.72-80.72%,并对香蕉的单株产量有明显增产效果。其中尤以20毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤剂量喷雾处理的效果最好。     

新疆亚洲玉米螟暴发成灾驱动机制分析及其治理对策

亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)为新疆玉米生产中的主要害虫, 2010年以来呈整体暴发态势, 并造成了极为严重的产量损失, 已成为制约当前新疆玉米高产稳产和粮食产能提升最重要的害虫, 然而有关其暴发成灾的驱动机制尚不清楚。为此, 本文通过分别概述近年来新疆气候、作物种植结构、栽培耕作措施以及亚洲玉米螟田间发生世代的变化情况, 综合分析了上述变化对亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫存活、个体生长发育、取食偏好和种群增殖扩张等方面造成的具体影响。在此基础上, 结合已有大量研究成果, 系统解析了新疆绿洲生态区亚洲玉米螟种群暴发成灾的驱动机制。此外, 本文还介绍了新疆植保科技工作者在亚洲玉米螟综合治理技术研究与应用方面取得的相关成果, 简述了田间治理采取的措施和取得的防治成效, 最终为亚洲玉米螟的持续有效治理提供一定参考。     

施用茚虫威饵剂后红火蚁的蚁巢迁移及弃尸行为

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是典型的社会性昆虫, 在防控过程中容易引起红火蚁巢体迁移和弃尸等现象, 影响防控效果。本研究对标记好的蚁巢施用茚虫威饵剂, 然后定时观察新增加的蚁巢数量和工蚁弃尸量。结果表明, 施用0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂后, 所有处理均有新蚁巢出现, 施药后5~10 d, 新蚁巢大量出现, 随后蚁群趋向稳定, 新增蚁巢减少, 至处理后25~30 d, 再次出现新蚁巢。0.1%茚虫威饵剂15 g/巢处理在施药后5 d出现8个新蚁巢, 药后10 d和30 d分别又新增5个蚁巢, 其他时间新增蚁巢数较少。按处理剂量, 药后30 d, 2种药剂15 g/巢处理出现的新巢数量均显著高于25 g/巢处理。0.1%茚虫威15 g/巢处理, 校正蚁巢累计增加率高达124.98%, 0.08%茚虫威饵剂15 g/巢处理为89.05%; 0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂25 g/巢处理, 校正蚁巢累计增加率分别为12.00%和51.34%。施用15 g/巢饵剂后2 d开始有大量工蚁尸体被丢弃, 至药后4 d弃尸量达最大值, 0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂处理弃尸量分别为330.5头/巢和300.2头/巢, 随后呈逐步下降趋势, 至14 d, 弃尸量降至最低。施药后8 d内弃尸量达总弃尸量75.26%以上, 至药后10 d, 已达总弃尸量的90.08%以上。施用0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂25 g/巢的处理新蚁巢出现较少, 表明施用相对低剂量的饵剂, 更容易引起蚁巢迁移。红火蚁的弃尸行为主要发生在饵剂施用后的前8 d。     

贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性分析及分子身份证构建

为精准鉴定贵州荞麦种质资源,采用SSR分子标记对60份荞麦种质进行遗传多样性分析,构建DNA分子身份证数据库。结果显示,从100对SSR引物中筛选出16对稳定性好、多态性丰富的引物,在60份供试种质中共扩增出174个多态性条带;Shannon’s信息指数、Nei’s多样性指数、多态信息指数均值分别为0.337、0.206、0.693,引物的多态性较好,能有效揭示60份荞麦种质的遗传多样性;在Dice遗传相似系数为0.374时,所有供试材料可聚为A、B、C 三组;当Dice遗传相似系数为0.484时,将苦荞组（A组）更细分为A1、A2两个小组。采用毛细管电泳及8%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）电泳对SSR标记扩增产物进行双验证,2种方法的聚类结果一致。结果表明,本研究开发的高效性SSR分子标记能够有效地鉴定贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性且用于构建分子身份证。     

荔枝空中压条苗根系生长动态及与地上部生长的相互关系

以‘糯米糍’荔枝Litchi chinensis Sonn．空中压条苗为试材,利用根箱栽培研究了周年内3株荔枝幼树根系形态、动态生长以及与地上部枝梢生长间的相互关系．结果表明：荔枝不同类型的根在形态上差异较大,侧根粗壮发达,生长周期长,可持续生长8～10周;须根纤细茂密,寿命只有2～3周．2株苗的根系周年内有2次大的生长峰和2次小的生长峰,根梢生长表现为交替生长．1株苗在周年内只有1次大的生长峰和4次小的生长峰,根梢生长表现为同步生长．3株幼树根梢比值均在1．0左右,表明地上和地下部等量生长．根系生长峰的出现主要表现为新根数量的增加而非原有根系的延长生长．     

萝卜花药培养技术研究

通过单倍体育种途径可快速获得纯合材料,增加有益性状的选择几率,加快育种进程。花药培养是获得单倍体的有效途径之一,已在十字花科芸薹属作物上取得巨大成功。但关于萝卜花药培养的报道极少。以15个不同类型的萝卜品种为试材,研究了花药离体培养中胚状体的诱导及再生。结果表明:基因型是限制花药培养成胚的关键因素,15个品种中,有4个品种获得了胚状体及再生苗。同时植株生长条件也对胚状体的形成产生影响。采用流式细胞仪(FCM)鉴定了再生株的倍性,再生株群体的倍性组成比较复杂,以二倍体为主。     

Functional polymorphism among members of abscisic acid receptor family(ZmPYL) in maize

Pyrabactin resistance 1-like proteins(PYLs) are direct receptors of abscisic acid(ABA). For the redundant and polymorphic functions, some members of the PYL family interact with components of other signaling pathways. Here, 253 positive colonies from a maize cDNA library were screened as interacting proteins with the members of ZmPYL family. After sequencing and function annotation, 17 of 28 interaction combinations were verified by yeast two-hybrid(Y2 H). The germination potential, taproot length and proline content of a quartet mutant of Arabidopsis PYL genes were significantly deceased comparing to the wild type(WT) under alkaline stress(pH 8.5) and 100 μmol L–1 methyl jasmonate(MeJA) induction. The malondialdehyde(MDA) content was significantly increased. After germinating in darkness, the characteristics of dark morphogenesis of the quartet mutant seedlings were more obvious than those of the WT. The differential expression of the related genes of photomorphogenesis in the mutant was much more than that in the WT. Three light and two JA responsive cis-affecting elements were identified during the promoter sequences of the AtPYL1 and AtPYL2 genes. These results suggested that functional polymorphism has evolved among the members of ZmPYL family. In response to developmental and environmental stimuli, they not only function as direct ABA receptors but also interact with components of other signaling pathways mediated JA, brassinosteroid(BR), auxin, etc., and even directly regulate downstream stress-related proteins. These signaling pathways can interact at various crosstalk points and different levels of gene expression within a sophisticated network.     

野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum种子的萌发条件

为明确野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum种子的休眠特性及萌发适宜的环境条件,采用培养皿法和盆钵法研究野老鹳草种子萌发和出苗适宜的条件,记录种子萌发数,计算种子萌发率、平均萌发时间及萌发指数。结果显示,野老鹳草具有较长的休眠期,新采集的野老鹳草种子在室温干储210 d后可以解除休眠;在10~25℃的恒温条件下种子萌发率均在93.8%以上;有无光照及光周期的长短对种子的萌发无影响;对酸碱度不敏感,在pH 4~10范围内种子萌发率均在91.3%以上;对水势具有一定耐受力,抑制50%种子萌发率所需的水势为-0.42 MPa;盐分对野老鹳草种子萌发具有一定抑制作用,当盐浓度达到160 mmol/L时基本不能萌发;此外,种子在土壤垂直深度5 cm以内时仍然可以出苗,对播种深度适应性较强。表明野老鹳草种子具有较长休眠期,土壤层积可解除种子休眠;而且野老鹳草种子对温度、光照、土壤酸碱度、播种深度适应性较强,水势及盐分对种子萌发有一定影响。     

Sulodexide protects against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular injury via suppressing NOX4/NLRP3 pathway

AIM To investigate the effect of sulodexide (SDX) on high glucose-induced damage in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS (1) High-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) followed by injection of saline or SDX in C57BL/6J male mice. Retinal microvascular leakage and density, and the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured. (2) Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated with normal glucose or high glucose with or without SDX, and were further transfected with siRNA to knock down NOX4, or infected by adenovirus to over-express NOX4. The protein levels of ZO-1, VE-cadherin (VE-Cad), NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins as well as the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. RESULTS Treatment with SDX increased the protein level of ZO-1, attenuated retinal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and enhanced the density of microvasculature and the number of ganglion cells in diabetic retinas. The protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad were decreased, while the levels of NOX4, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation were increased in high glucose-treated HRMECs. Silencing of NOX4 inhibited high glucose-induced increases in NLRP3 inflammasome and ROS generation, and decreases in the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Over-expression of NOX4 significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation in HRMECs, and reduced the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Treatment with SDX partly reversed NOX4 over-expression-induced changes. CONCLUSION SDX alleviates hyperglycemia-induced retinal microvascular endothelial injury via inhibiting NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 pathways.     

棉蚜茧蜂对不同品种、不同生育期棉花的趋性行为反应

【目的】研究棉蚜茧蜂对不同品种、不同生育期棉花的趋性行为反应,为了解天敌昆虫与寄主之间关系,利用棉蚜茧蜂对棉蚜等害虫进行防控。【方法】以生产上大面积种植的GK-12(对照为泗棉3号)、新棉33B(亲本为新棉33)和SGK321(亲本为石远321)等3组棉花品种为材料,于棉花7叶期、现蕾前期和现蕾期,设计无虫棉植株、被棉蚜为害后剔除虫体的植株以及棉蚜+有虫株等3种不同处理,借助“Y”型嗅觉仪,检测棉蚜茧蜂在棉花不同生育期对这3种不同处理的趋性。【结果】棉蚜茧蜂无法识别健康的常规棉和转基因棉花植株;对不含棉蚜的被害棉来说,转基因棉对棉蚜茧蜂更具吸引力。而对含有棉蚜的有害棉来说,除7叶期GK12、新棉33B和现蕾期GK12这3组处理外,其他各组的转基因棉对棉蚜茧蜂均具较强的吸引作用。【结论】两类不同的棉花品种对棉蚜茧蜂不存在排斥性,棉蚜为害转基因棉花后更能吸引棉蚜茧蜂。