芡欧鼠尾草的组织培养和快速繁殖

以芡欧鼠尾草(Salvia hispanica)成熟种子为外植体,1/2MS为基本培养基,研究不同浓度的外源激素对愈伤组织的诱导、增殖和生根的影响,从而初步建立了芡欧鼠尾草组织培养的快速繁殖体系。结果表明,诱导种子愈伤组织的最适宜培养基为1/2MS+10.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1.0mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.4mg·L~(-1) ZT,诱导率为66.5%;不定芽增殖的最适培养基为1/2MS+3.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA,增殖倍数为7.69;生根的最适培养基为1/2MS+0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA,生根率达100%,平均生根数为5.68;移栽后植株生长良好,成活率较高,达97%。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

氮、磷养分添加对高寒草甸土壤酶活性的影响

本试验以典型的青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸(Kobresia humilis meadow)为研究平台,以表征土壤碳、氮、磷、硫养分循环的6种土壤酶为研究对象,研究土壤酶以及土壤速效养分在4年氮、磷养分添加的累积效应下的变化规律,分析和评价氮、磷养分添加对土壤养分循环方面的影响。试验结果为:氮、磷养分添加改变了土壤中速效养分的含量;氮添加与010 cm土层中的碱性磷酸酶活性有正效应,磷添加抑制了010 cm土层中的碱性磷酸酶活性;氮、磷养分添加均抑制了010 cm土层中的脲酶活性;氮添加抑制了2个土层中的纤维素酶活性;芳基硫酸酯酶活性和蔗糖酶活性没有表现出显著差异性;1020 cm土层中的几丁质酶活性在氮、磷养分添加处理下均增强,其中磷添加对几丁质酶活性的增幅最显著。结果表明:外源添加的氮在调控磷的矿化方面有促进作用,磷的添加对氮素的释放也有一定的作用;青藏高原高寒草甸受磷限制的程度可能更大。     

加拿大披碱草×披碱草杂种F1的生育及细胞遗传学研究

研究加拿大披碱草与披碱草种间杂种 F1 的生长、形态、花粉育性和细胞学。结果表明 ,杂种 F1 生长势明显超过双亲 ,平均株高 14 9.31cm,穗型呈双亲中间型 ,株型偏向母本 ,生育期偏向父本 ,花粉可育率 1.71% ,自然结实率0。杂种 F1 为五倍体 (2 n=5 x=35 ) ,其 PMCM 平均染色体构型为 19.0 14 +7.4 5 +0 .2 8 +0 .0 2 ,后期 有落后染色体和染色体桥等不规则现象     

饮茶对镉染毒SD大鼠抗氧化和脂质代谢的影晌

选用体质量均匀的成年雌、雄SD大鼠,并分为对照组、镉染毒组和镉染毒饮茶干扰组。在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,对照组饮用自来水;镉染毒纽饮用含镉（60mg／L）的水;镉染毒饮荼干扰组饮用舍镉（60mg／L）的龙井茶,探讨饮茶对镉毒性的干预效果。结果表明,镉可造成细胞脂质过氧化,细胞抗氧化能力降低,影响细胞正常代谢,并可导致机体血脂升高、动脉硬化的几率增加。饮茶拮抗镉的脂质过氧化损伤,激活了体内的抗氧化防御系统,并可降血脂、预防动脉硬化及调节脂质代谢。     

饲料添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响

为探讨饲料中添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响,45只小鼠被随机分为3组,各组在基础日粮中分别添加0,40,80mg／kg砷（以洛克沙胂形式）,试验期30d。试验结束后,收取各组粪便和组织器官测定铁含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,40mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率提高14．57％,80mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率则降低了14．93％;40mg／kg砷组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、小肠和腿肌铁含量显著升高（P〈O．05）,80mg／kg砷组则显著降低（P〈O．05）;但两组分别于停砷后5,7d,组织器官铁恢复正常水平。这表明40mg／kg砷水平可促进铁的吸收,相反80mg／kg砷水平则抑制铁的吸收。     

精子介导外源DNA转移的研究进展

精子因在受精过程中的独特作用,而被认为是转移外源ＤＮＡ的理想载体。本文对精子作载体进行转基因动物制作的方法、外源ＤＮＡ与精子作用的分子机制、导入动物个体或胚胎的外源ＤＮＡ的存在形式、影响精子与外源ＤＮＡ结合的因素进行了论述,并对精子作为载体的研究方向和发展前景给予了预测。     

紫花苜蓿品种根部特性与持久性和生物量的关系

植物的根部特性与其持久性和生产性能关系密切,但以往关于紫花苜蓿不同品种的相关研究报道较少。本试验通过对10个紫花苜蓿品种第10年的根部特性、生物量、持久性进行研究发现:不同品种紫花苜蓿根部特性差异显著(P＜0.05),其中,新疆大叶和公农1号根茎和主根粗壮,侧根数多;Super 7、Jindera、Eureka根茎和主根细小,侧根数少;L33、美国大叶、SD-006、甘农1号、Ranbule根部特性各指标居中。紫花苜蓿的根部形态指标与持久性和地上生物量显著相关,主根尤其是根茎越健壮侧根数越多,持久性越好;主根和根茎越粗壮,地上生物量越高。综合评价认为,新疆大叶和公农1号根部各形态指标均优于其他品种,地上生物量和持久性好,可以选择为适宜的紫花苜蓿品种在甘肃河西地区推广种植。     

Effect of birthweight, total protein, serum IgG and packed cell volume on risk of neonatal diarrhea in calves on two California dairies.

The objective of the study was to determine if there was a relationship between hematological, immunological and physiological variables of newborn calves and risk of diarrhea during the neonatal period. Four hundred and seventeen heifer calves from two dairies (A and B) in the San Joaquin Valley of California were enrolled at birth and scored daily, to 28 days of age, for evidence and severity of diarrhea (0 to 3). Calves were weighted at birth and blood sampled at two to five days of age to determine packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP) and IgG serum concentration. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine if age at onset of the first diarrhea episode and length of the first episode were associated with the hypothesized variables (PCV, TP, IgG and birthweight). The IgG concentration was not associated with the age at onset of diarrhea (p = 0.6052, Dairy A; p = 0.4393, Dairy B) but a high IgG concentration was associated with a decreased length of episode (p = 0.0325, Dairy A; p = 0.0912, Dairy B), particularly for calves born in the winter on dairy A (p = 0.0211). For calves born in the winter, those with either a high or a low birthweight had diarrhea at a younger age (p = 0.0102, Dairy A; p = 0.0020, Dairy B). Associations were also found for PCV and TP with both the age at onset and length of the first episode of diarrhea. Results suggest that parameters measurable at, or shortly after birth may have important prognostic value in evaluating risk of calf diarrhea.     

An in vitro study of hematopoietic progenitor cells from peripheral blood of rabbits

The purpose of this study was to isolate and cultivate a subpopulation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from the peripheral blood of rabbits, which are frequently used in veterinary research as an animal model. Pluripotent stem cells, as described in human beings, are fibroblast-like cells that exhibit a CD34 marker, specific from other hematopoietic stem cells. Commonly used human commercial media has been researched for culturing rabbit PSCs. These findings allow us to contemplate the direct application of this simple and standardized methodology in several areas of study, such as of the pharmacological effect of many drugs on hematopoietic cells, veterinary practice, and even the study of new strategies in cellular therapy for some human diseases.