祁连山云杉林土壤溶磷细菌的分离及对白三叶的促生效应

为获得具有促进牧草白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)生长能力的优良溶磷细菌(Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, PSB)资源,本研究以祁连山青海云杉林(Picea crassifolia)根际土壤细菌为研究对象,采用平板定性与钼锑抗比色定量分析、系统进化分析和植物盆栽接种试验,探究了上述根际土壤所分离菌株的溶磷能力、分类地位和对白三叶生长的影响。结果表明：筛选得到的12株PSB菌株在难溶性无机磷(National botanical research institute phosphorus, NBRIP)平板上的溶磷圈直径/菌落直径的比值范围为1.44～2.40。12株PSB菌株均归属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。在上述基础上,选取的5株菌株在NBRIP液体培养基培养96 h后,发酵液的可溶性磷含量范围为387.41～479.87μg·mL^-1,其中菌株LT-4发酵液的可溶性磷含量最高。植物接种试验结果表明,与空白对照相比,接种菌株LT-4能显著提高白三叶的生物量,植株地上部和根干重分别显著增加87....     

Informing Community Engagement in Sea Turtle Conservation by Examining Non-Conservation-Related Participation in Northeast Brazil

Participation in conservation programs is often viewed as a necessity, but understanding of this participation is limited. This research takes a different approach by also examining participation in non-conservation-related activities. Questionnaires (N = 339) were administered in four Brazilian coastal communities where the national sea turtle conservation project conducts monitoring and outreach. Employing social capital as a conceptual framework, measurements included participation in civic, community, and social activities along with group participation and collective action. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for validating measures of social capital and conservation perceptions. Structural equation modeling indicated that social capital has a positive relationship with participation in sea turtle conservation, suggesting that general levels of participation and community norms of participation could be just as influential as conservation perceptions to engage communities in conservation. Information gained by deconstructing participation may be used to design and target conservation programs, improving overall participation.     

强制换羽在生产实践中的应用

采用饥饿法先后对744只、615d天府肉鸭种群进行为期8周的强制换羽试验,换羽鸭分别以平均产蛋率73.56%和72.75%与周平上孵合格蛋4.95枚和4.89枚的效果,获得了良好的经济效益.     

Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog

A 5-year-old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis and rare organisms consistent with Prototheca spp within neutrophils and macrophages. On postmortem histologic examination, mononuclear inflammation and numerous intralesional algal organisms, similar to those seen on the cytologic preparation of CSF, were found in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and heart. Abnormalities were not detected on gross and histologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Cultures of CSF and subdural/olfactory bulb, but not intestinal tract, yielded growth of Prototheca spp, and PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the organism as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. We have reported a rare case of disseminated protothecosis that was diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog presented with neurologic signs and no overt enteric disease. Protothecosis should be considered as a rare cause of seizures, even in the absence of obvious enteric signs, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleocytosis.     

荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃微生物脲酶的分离与鉴定

本研究旨在从荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃中分离活性脲酶。从奶牛瘤胃中收集瘤胃内容物,通过离心和超声破碎的方法得到不含菌体细胞的瘤胃液(CFRF)和瘤胃菌体蛋白液(RCP),利用85%硫酸铵盐析,并透析后,用HiTrap Capto Q离子交换层析柱纯化脲酶。将纯化后的脲酶用活性PAGE分离,并利用改良的Fishbein染色法,确定脲酶条带位置,切胶,经胰蛋白酶消化后,用LC-MS/MS分析,并用SEQUEST软件在NCBI数据库搜索与质谱信号相匹配的肽段和蛋白质。结果表明从CFRF和RCP中分离出较高活性的脲酶,但经染色后只有RCP脲酶显示活性条带。经质谱分析,最终鉴定出了3种微生物来源脲酶,分别与嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、唾液链球菌(Streptococcus salivarius)和嗜碱芽孢杆菌(Bacillus halodurans)相似。这说明绕过纯培养微生物,直接从瘤胃中分离脲酶,来研究其性质和来源是可行的,尤其适合对未培养微生物的研究。     

汶川地震后中学生心理健康状况与心理干预的关系

采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）及自编的心理干预调查表对413名中学生进行调查。结果表明：22．1％的中学生接受过心理干预;接受干预组的中学生在躯体化、人际敏感、焦虑和精神赢性四个因子上显著低于未接受干预组;接受干预组的女生在焦虑、精神病性两个因子上得分显著低于未接受干预组;初二年级接受干预组的中学生在人际敏感、精神病性两个因个子上得分显著低于未干预组,初三年级接受干预组的中学生在躯体化因子上得分显著低于未干预组。地震后中学生心理健康状况欠佳,心理干预能有效地改善中学生心理健康状况,在重大创伤性事件后有必要及时给予心理干预。     

国医大师孙光荣论中西医学文化的比较

中西医学分属于不同的医疗体系,认识其差异,有利于寻求两者之间的共同点和交融的契合点,从而促进医学的发展。国医大师孙光荣通过系统的对比,得出两者之间在学科属性、医疗模式、诊疗思维、发展特点、治疗特点五个方面存在较大的差异。从学科属性而言,中医学具有自然科学与社会科学的双重属性,西医学则属于单纯的自然科学;从医疗模式而言,中医学为整体医学模式,西医学为生物医学模式或生物-心理-社会医学模式;从诊疗思维而言,中医学是包容性思维,主张非定点清除致病因子,西医学则是对抗性思维,主张定点清除致病因子;从发展特点而言,中西医学呈现出起点高、发展慢与起步晚、发展快两种截然相反的状态;从治疗特点而言,中医学以"观其脉证,知犯何逆,随证治之"与"中和"为特点,西医学则强调数据支持,临床路径、介入和干预。     

1978—2018年中国农村环境管理政策演进特征——基于206份政策文本的量化分析

基于手工搜集的1978—2018年中国政府颁布的206份农村环境管理政策文本,从政策发布年度、政策发布主体、政策发布形式、政策作用对象、政策工具及政策效力6个维度构建分析框架,运用政策文献计量和内容分析方法分析了中国农村环境管理政策的演进特征。结果表明:1978年改革开放以来,中国农村环境管理政策在数量上呈整体持续上升态势;农村环境管理政策经历了探索起步(1978—1989年)、初步形成(1990—2004年)、快速发展(2005—2013年)和全面推进(2014年以后)4个阶段的演进;政策发布主体的行政级别较高且呈现多元化特征,政策联合决策程度高,但政策之间统筹性和协调性较低;政策绝大多数以通知、意见等形式发出,缺乏权威性和规范性;政策的着力点主要在原生态保护层面,对农村人居环境整治的重视程度不够;命令控制型政策是政府最为偏好的农村环境管理政策工具,经济激励型、信息公开型和自愿参与型政策工具使用不足;政策整体效力的提升主要由政策发布数量驱动,政策反馈不足、政策措施较少和政策目标量化程度低是导致政策平均效力较低的主要原因。     

渐降低温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗耐冷性及保护酶活性的影响

以黄瓜品种津优1号为试材,研究渐降低温胁迫（即以每小时下降1 ℃的平均速度进行降温处理）对黄瓜幼苗冷害指数及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明：与直降低温胁迫相比,渐降低温胁迫可以减轻黄瓜幼苗的冷害程度,冷害指数显著降低,保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性显著增强,且随低温胁迫呈先上升后下降的趋势。