Untersuchungen über Fichtengallenl?use, Dreyfusia spp. (Hom., Adelgidae) und deren Predatoren in der Nord-Türkei

In the East Pontic mountains at Giresun (Black Sea shore) three species of the genus Dreyfusia have been established: D. nordmannianae Eckst. and D. prelli Grosm. on Abies nordmanniana Link. and Picea orientalis Link. and Dreyfusia nov. spec. on A. nordmanniana. The latter species, earlier known from Greece and the Balkans, but not yet described is most probably unholocyctic on fir.In the Zigana mountains between Trabzon and Gümüsane a species producing plenty galls on young P. orientalis trees and closely resembling D. merkeri Eichh. has been observed. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether or not it lives unholocyclic on spruce.In the West Pontic mountains near Bolu D. nordmannianae was intensively studied in twig infestations on A. bornmülleriana Mattf. The pattern of attack differs greatly from the one experienced in central Europe in that almost exclusively the current year's shoots are attacked whereas the leader and the older twig axis remain free of attack. In Europe all parts of the trees are colonized.Considering the known facts about generation- and morph sequences, morph determination and phenological behaviour of D. nordmannianae the characteristics of their population dynamics in Turkey and the interactions of the curious mode of attack and the extraordinary efficiency of their special predators have been completely evaluated.     

Zur Prognose der Schlüpfwellen- und Generationenfolge bei der gemeinen Kiefern-Buschhornblattwespe Diprion pini L. (Hymenopt.: Diprionidae)

On the basis of the varying photoperiodic reaction of the various ecotypes of the common pine sawflyDiprion pini L. methods are discussed that allow the prognosis of the ratio and timing of the three annual flight periods as well as the ratio between first and second generation.

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Meinem verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Dr. h. c.E. Schimitschek, zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Dauerzucht von Diprion pini L. (Hym.: Diprionidae) im Laboratorium unter Berücksichtigung der Fotoperiode

Permanent culturing of Diprion pini L with regard to photoperiodic conditions Diprion pini can be permanently cultured in the laboratory under longday conditions (17/7 hours photo-scoto-phase). At 25 °C and about 80% rel. humidity one generation will be completed on the average within 40–50 days and at 20 °C within 50–55 days. Thus, 6–7 generations per year may be raised. The sensitive phase at which longday treatment prevents diapause is 30–10 days before cocoon spinning. The breeding technique used is described.      

Zur Verbreitung und ?kologie der Ameisen der Hauptwaldtypen mitteleurop?ischer Gebirgsw?lder

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Isolation and molecular characterisation of equine rotaviruses from Germany

A total of 26 rotavirus positive faecal samples of diarrhoeal foals, and 8 equine rotavirus isolates were examined. Viral RNA patterns were generated, G typing was performed by PCR, and a P[12]-specific DNA probe was developed for P typing. Furthermore, five equine rotavirus isolates were sequenced in the genomic regions coding for VP7 and part of VP4. Rotaviruses of genotype G3 P[12] were found in 22 faecal samples and G14 P[12] type could be found in 4 faecal samples. These findings confirm that in Germany G3 P[12] is the predominating type of equine rotaviruses.     

Untersuchungen über Fichtengallenläuse, Dreyfusia spp. (Hom., Adelgidae) und deren Predatoren in der Nord-Türkei

In the East Pontic mountains at Giresun (Black Sea shore) three species of the genus Dreyfusia have been established: D. nordmannianae Eckst. and D. prelli Grosm. on Abies nordmanniana Link. and Picea orientalis Link. and Dreyfusia nov. spec. on A. nordmanniana. The latter species, earlier known from Greece and the Balkans, but not yet described is most probably unholocyctic on fir.In the Zigana mountains between Trabzon and Gümüsane a species producing plenty galls on young P. orientalis trees and closely resembling D. merkeri Eichh. has been observed. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether or not it lives unholocyclic on spruce.In the West Pontic mountains near Bolu D. nordmannianae was intensively studied in twig infestations on A. bornmülleriana Mattf. The pattern of attack differs greatly from the one experienced in central Europe in that almost exclusively the current year's shoots are attacked whereas the leader and the older twig axis remain free of attack. In Europe all parts of the trees are colonized.Considering the known facts about generation- and morph sequences, morph determination and phenological behaviour of D. nordmannianae the characteristics of their population dynamics in Turkey and the interactions of the curious mode of attack and the extraordinary efficiency of their special predators have been completely evaluated.     

Fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue from crossbred bulls and steers

Fatty acid composition of total lipid extracts of muscle and adipose samples from crossbred bulls (N = 34) and steers (N = 35) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Samples of semitendinosus, triceps brachii and longissimus muscle and of subcutaneous and perinephric adipose tissue were excised from the right side of each carcass. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was utilized to obtain phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions from total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 10 bull and steer cohorts (N = 20). The most prominent sex condition effect was in percentage of total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Bull tissues contained higher (P less than .01) percentages of PUFA than those of steers at all sampling sites. This reflected higher percentages of linoleate (C18:2), linolenate (C18:3) and arachidonate (C20:4) in bull tissues. Most of the PUFA were present as phospholipids in muscle samples. The fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids was similar regardless of sex condition or muscle sampled. Total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles of both bulls and steers contained from 6 to 10% more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) compared with M. longissimus. Muscle triacylglycerols contained relatively high percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Semitendinosus and longissimus samples from steers contained higher (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) percentages of total SFA than those from bulls. Steer samples contained slightly higher percentages of palmitic acid (C16:0) compared with bulls at all sampling sites, and this difference was significant for M. longissimus. The fat:lean ratio of muscle tissue is the major factor that determines fatty acid composition.     

Prognosen Pflanzenschutz Obstbau im Internetangebot des DLR Rheinpfalz

Weather based forecasters for diseases and pests are important decision elements for the target oriented control of diseases and pests not only for fruit growers. Basic requirement therefore are tested and as actual as possible weather data. In the last twenty years in Rhineland-Palatinate there has been created a good basis with a measuring net of agrometeorological stations. With a daily actualized fire blight forecast and a several times a day actualized scab forecast important decision elements for an optimized application timing are provided. With the monitoring of the most important pests realized on 30 sites, the existing deficits of pest forecasters are partially compensated.     

Dr. h. c. rolf hinz zum gedächtnis

Ohne Zusammenfassung