欧拉羊与山谷型藏羊杂交效果观察初报

引进草地型藏羊欧拉羊杂交改良山谷型藏羊,结果表明:引进的欧拉羊生理指标正常,对在林间草甸类和高山灌丛草场与山谷型藏羊同群放牧较适应;试验组受胎率、繁殖率、繁殖成活率比对照组分别高2.65%、2.69%、3.81%;欧×山杂交F1代初生公、母羊体高、体长、胸围及管围比同期对照组公、母羊分别提高了3.20 cm和4.50 cm、1.97 cm和2.25 cm、4.10 cm和2.20 cm、0.53cm和0.40 cm;体重提高0.62 kg和0.53 kg,比对照组分别提高了19.68个百分点和17.97个百分点。经过t检验,杂交F1代初生公、母羊体重、体高、体长、胸围极显著的高于对照组初生公、母羊(P0.01);管围差异显著(P0.05)。     

干草原区植被保护支持技术研究绿色添加剂—大蒜(Allium sativum)对肉牛增重影响的研究

大蒜是一种植物鳞茎 ,作为肉牛饲料添加剂尚未见报道。本文研究的目的是 :研究大蒜对肉牛增重的影响。试验选用西门塔尔杂交后代公牛 3 8头其中 3 5头牛随机分为七组 ,大蒜组 A( 50 g/ d.头 )、D( 1 0 0 g/ d.头 )、F( 1 50 g/ d.头 ) ;大蒜素组 C( 0 .2 g/ d.头 )、E( 0 .4g/ d.头 )、G( 0 .6g/ d.头 ) ;对照组。试验采用完全拉丁方设计。试验结果表明 :1 .大蒜在添加 74.6g/ d.头左右 ,对肉牛增重有明显的促进作用 ,Y=-0 .0 0 2 2 x2 +0 .3 2 8x+2 8.3 2 ,R2 =0 .972 8( Y为增重 ,X大蒜用量 )。 2 .当大蒜素添加量为 0 .3 5g/ d.头时肉牛体增重最高 ,y=-92 .5x2 +65.4x+2 7.3 3 R2 =0 .91 96( Y为增重 ,X大蒜素用量 )。 3 .大蒜促进肉牛增重的主要成分是大蒜素     

Development and trial of a bovine herpesvirus 1 - thymidine kinase deletion virus as a vaccine

SUMMARY An Australian bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) isolate with a defined (427 base pair) deletion in the protein coding region of the thymidine kinase gene was obtained by standard marker rescue procedures. After selection in the presence of the nucleotide analogue 5iodo-deoxy-uridine the virus was analysed by hybridisation with three differential oligonucleotide probes, restriction endonuclease profile studies and DNA sequence analysis. The virus elicited an immune response in recipient animals after either intramuscular or intravenous administration and produced no significant deleterious side-effects when administered at a dose sufficient to stimulate the host immune response. The safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant BHV1 virus 39B1 were similar to those reported for other registered BHV1 vaccines and the virus would appear to be suitable for the production of a vaccine seed lot and more exhaustive field trials as a prelude to commercial vaccine production and registration.     

Association of the risk of development of hypothyroidism after iodine 131 treatment with the pretreatment pattern of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m uptake in the thyroid gland in cats with hyperthyroidism: 165 cases (1990-2002)

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the risk of development of hypothyroidism after treatment with iodine 131 (131I) was associated with the pattern of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m activity in the thyroid gland detected via scintigraphy before treatment in cats with hyperthyroidism. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 165 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats with hyperthyroidism that had been treated with 131I (from 1990 to 2002) and had undergone scintigraphy of the thyroid gland before treatment were reviewed; data regarding signalment, scintigraphic findings (classified as unilateral, bilateral-asymmetric, bilateral-symmetric, or multifocal patterns), serum total thyroxine (T4) concentrations before treatment and prior to hospital discharge, and 131I treatment were collected. A questionnaire was sent to each referring veterinarian to obtain additional data including whether the cats subsequently developed hypothyroidism (defined as serum total T4 concentration less than the lower reference limit > or = 3 months after treatment). RESULTS: 50 of 165 (30.3%) 131I-treated cats developed hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism developed in 39 of 109 cats with bilateral, 10 of 50 cats with unilateral, and 1 of 6 cats with multifocal scintigraphic patterns of their thyroid glands. Cats with a bilateral scintigraphic pattern were approximately 2 times as likely to develop hypothyroidism after 131I treatment than were cats with a unilateral scintigraphic pattern (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 4.2). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cats with hyperthyroidism that have a bilateral scintigraphic pattern in the thyroid gland before 131I treatment appear to have a significantly higher risk of subsequently developing hypothyroidism, compared with cats with a unilateral scintigraphic pattern.     

Comparative Study of Betacyanin Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of Red Pitahaya (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hylocereus polyrhizus</Emphasis>) and Red Spinach (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Amaranthus dubius</Emphasis>)

Betacyanins are reddish to violet pigments that can be found in red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius). This study investigated the impact of sub-fractionation (solvent partitioning) on betacyanin content in both plants. Characterization of betacyanins and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities were also carried out. Betanin was found in both plants. In addition, isobetanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin were found in red pitahaya whereas amaranthine and decarboxy-amaranthine were found in red spinach. Sub-fractionated red pitahaya and red spinach had 23.5 and 121.5 % more betacyanin content, respectively, than those without sub-fractionation. Sub-fractionation increased the betanin and decarboxy-amaranthine content in red pitahaya and red spinach, respectively. The betacyanin fraction from red spinach (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values: 0.78–3.13 mg/mL) demonstrated a better antimicrobial activity profile than that of red pitahaya (MIC values: 3.13–6.25 mg/mL) against nine Gram-positive bacterial strains. Similarly, the red spinach fraction (MIC values: 1.56–3.13 mg/mL) was more active than the red pitahaya fraction (MIC values: 3.13–6.25 mg/mL) against five Gram-negative bacterial strains. This could be because of a higher amount of betacyanin, particularly amaranthine in the red spinach.     

Relationship between milk production and somatic cell count in dairy cows in East Gippsland

SUMMARY The analysis of records for 75 821 herd tests on 23 700 cows in the Macalister Irrigation District of East Gippsland, using a model that also included stage of lactation, herd and cow effects, found a strong relationship between somatic cell count and milk production. Unit increases in the natural logarithm of the somatic cell count were associated with decreases in production of up to 2.6% in the range 54 598 to 403 429 cells per mL. This is equivalent to a decrease of 1.9% for a doubling of cell count from 100 000 to 200 000 cells per mL. Subclinical mastitis was assessed to be a significant source of loss in milk production in the study area.     

阴外动脉灌注氨基酸、葡萄糖混合物对奶山羊血浆总蛋白、白蛋白及相关激素受体mRNA表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究阴外动脉乳成分前体物浓度的变化对奶山羊乳腺吸收及相关激素受体mRNA表达量的影响.选用2～3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和腹部皮下静脉血插管的关中奶山羊3只,由阴外动脉灌注氨基酸和葡萄糖混合物,在灌注前后分别采集动静脉血浆、乳腺组织,测定动静脉血浆中总蛋白、白蛋白的含量及乳腺组织β-酪蛋白、催乳素受体、生长激素受体和类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ的mRNA表达量。结果表明,与灌注前相比,乳成分前体物含量及乳腺对其的摄取量均提高(P<0.05).乳腺组织中β-酪蛋白、生长激素受体和类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),催乳素受体的mRNA表达量极显著提高(P<0.01),说明阴外动脉灌注氨基酸、葡萄糖混合物可以显著地提高乳成分前体物的浓度,有效地刺激血液中激素发生变化,提高乳腺组织中相关受体mRNA的表达.