欧拉羊种公羊适应性观察与杂交改良乔科羊繁殖力分析

欧拉羊引入甘南州大水种畜场和碌曲县尕海乡、郎木寺镇等地改良乔科羊的肉用性能,引入的欧拉羊种公羊行为表现正常,抗寒、抗病能力较强,发病率为7％以下,死亡率在3％以下。繁殖性能和生长发育良好,主要生理生化指标都在正常范围之内。欧拉羊杂交改良乔科羊的繁殖力分析结果表明,用欧拉羊杂交改良乔科羊试验组的母羊受胎率、繁殖率、羔羊成活率及繁殖成活率均比当地乔科羊本交对照组分别提高1．45％、1．07％、4．06％和4．71％。     

欧拉羊与甘南山谷型藏羊杂交羔羊屠宰试验

通过对欧山F1和山谷型藏羊羔羊进行屠宰试验,结果得出:9月龄欧山F1羔羊宰前平均活重为38.25 kg,比本地山谷型藏羊羔羊宰前平均活重高10.17 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01)。欧山F1羔羊胴体重和屠宰率分别为15.14 kg和39.58%,比对照组高4.58 kg(P<0.01)和1.96个百分点,差异极显著。欧山F1羔羊净肉率、后腿比例和腰肉比例分别为29.65%、38.18%和12.99%,高于山谷型藏羊4.01、7.78和2.68个百分点;欧山F1羔羊GR值和眼肌面积分别为8.23 mm和12.74 cm2,高于山谷型藏羊1.48 mm和4.38 cm2。     

Repeatability of dorsolateral subluxation scores in dogs and correlation with macroscopic appearance of hip osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) scores in young dogs could be used to reliably predict which dogs would develop evidence of hip osteoarthritis and whether DLS scores measured at various ages correlated with each other. ANIMALS: 129 Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and Labrador Retriever-Greyhound crossbreds. PROCEDURES: DLS scores were measured on radiographs taken at 4, 8, and 12 months of age and at necropsy (8 to 36 months of age). At necropsy, the hip joints were examined macroscopically and a score assigned for degree of cartilage degeneration. RESULTS: DLS scores at 4 (n = 35, r(s) = -0.62), 8 (n = 106, r(s) = -0.54), and 12 (n = 15, r(s) = -0.87) months of age were significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration scores, and DLS scores at 8 months of age were significantly correlated with scores obtained at the time of necropsy (n = 39, r(s) = 0.87). The DLS scores at 4 months of age were significantly different from scores at 8 months of age, but scores did not differ significantly thereafter. Likelihood ratios for cartilage lesions for low (< 45%), intermediate (> or = 45 but < or = 55%), and high (> 55%) DLS scores at 8 months of age were 8.0, 2.6, and 0.2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that DLS score at 8 months of age was a reasonable, albeit imperfect, predictor of the condition of the hip joint cartilage at necropsy. Thus, the DLS method might be useful for early identification of dogs with hip dysplasia.     

A Rare Case of Polyorchidism in a Cat with Four Intra‐abdominal Testes

Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly defined as the presence of more than two histologically proven testes. We report a case of a 9‐month‐old European cat with four intra‐abdominal testes. The diagnosis was performed by means of ultrasonography, intra‐operative examination and histological confirmation. The case reported here presents an extremely rare anomaly, as no previous studies in veterinary medicine have reported the presence of four testes. This case suggests that supernumerary testes should be included as differential diagnoses for intra‐abdominal masses.     

半血野生盘羊与欧拉羊杂交F1代生长发育规律研究

本研究以半血野生盘羊和欧拉羊杂交F1代羊,即含1/4野生盘羊血统羊为素材,对含1/4野生盘羊血统羊生长发育规律进行了分析。结果表明:含1/4野生盘羊血统羊早期生长发育快,体重与体尺间呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),体尺与体重的最优回归方程Y=-37.758+0.431X3+0.529X1,R2=0.962。     

Processing of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum products alters procyanidin oligomer and polymer distribution and content

Sorghum procyanidins were characterized and quantified from two brown sorghum varieties and their processed products by normal phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. The DP of the procyanidins was determined by thiolysis. Quantification was done by using purified oligomeric and polymeric cocoa procyanidins as external standards. Sorghum procyanidins were composed mostly of high MW (DP > 10) polymers. Significant differences were observed in levels as well as distribution of the different MW procyanidins between the sorghums. Processing of the sorghum brans into cookies and bread significantly reduced the levels of procyanidins; this effect was more pronounced in the higher MW polymers. Cookies had a higher retention of procyanidins (42-84%) than bread (13-69%). Extrusion of sorghum grain resulted in an increase in the levels of procyanidin oligomers with DP /= 6. This suggests a possible breakdown of the high MW polymers to the lower MW constituents during extrusion. Processing changes not only the content of procyanidins in sorghum products but also the relative ratio of the different molecular weights.     

Phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant capacity of Persea americana Mill. peels and seeds of two varieties

Avocado processing by the food and cosmetic industries yields a considerable amount of phenolic-rich byproduct such as peels and seeds. Utilization of these byproducts would be favorable from an economic point of view. Methanolic (80%) extracts obtained from lyophilized ground peels and seeds of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) of the Hass and Shepard varieties were characterized for their phenolic compound profiles using the HPLC-PAD technique. The structures of the identified compounds were subsequently unambiguously confirmed by ESI-MS. Compositional analysis revealed that the extracts contained four polyphenolic classes: flavanol monomers, proanthocyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonol glycosides. The presence of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, and procyanidin A trimers was identified in seeds of both varieties. Intervarietal differences were apparent in the phenolic compound profiles of peels. Peels of the Shepard variety were devoid of (+)-catechin and procyanidin dimers, which were present in the peels of the Hass variety. Peels of both varieties contained 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin derivatives. The differences in the phenolic profiles between varietals were also apparent in the different antioxidant activity of the extracts. The peel extracts had a higher total phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity when compared to the seed extracts. The highest TEAC and ORAC values were apparent in peels of the Haas variety in which they amounted to 0.16 and 0.47 mmol Trolox/g DW, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were apparent between the TEAC values of seeds of the two varieties but the ORAC values differed significantly (p < 0.05). Overall these findings indicate that both the seeds and peel of avocado can be utilized as a functional food ingredient or as an antioxidant additive.     

阴外动脉灌注氨基酸对奶山羊乳腺摄取乳成分前体物的影响

 【目的】研究阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式的氨基酸对奶山羊乳腺摄取乳成分前体物（milk components precursors,MCP）的影响规律。【方法】选用2—3周岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和腹部皮下静脉血插管的关中奶山羊3只,由阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式的氨基酸,在灌注前后分别采集动静脉血浆,测定乳蛋白前体物（milk protein precursors,MPP）、乳脂前体物（milk fat precursors,MFP）和乳糖前体物（milk lactose precursors,MLP）的含量和乳腺对其的摄取。【结果】阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式混合氨基酸改变了乳腺对MPP、MFP的摄取（P＜0.05）,乳腺对MLP的摄取理想模式组和平衡模式组均高于不灌注组,但理想模式组与不灌注组差异不显著（P＞0.05）,平衡模式组与不灌注组差异显著（P＜0.05）;不同氨基酸模式灌注组产奶量和乳成分明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。【结论】阴外动脉中氨基酸的平衡改变了乳腺对乳成分前体物的摄取,有利于乳的合成。本试验条件下,阴外动脉中必需氨基酸达到理想平衡（AABI=0.972）时乳腺对MCP的摄取效果最佳。