影响藏猪与大约克夏猪肌肉品质的lncRNA的筛选及功能分析

旨在分析藏猪和大约克夏猪(180日龄)背最长肌组织中与猪肉质性状相关的长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs)和基因,探讨lncRNAs在猪肉品质中的分子调控作用,为猪肉质性状的改良提供理论依据.本研究根据先前公布的数据,以饲养在相同条件下的180日龄健康藏公猪(n-3)和大约克夏公猪(n-3)为研究对象,收集背最长肌肉品...     

Timing and order of different insecticide classes drive control of Drosophila suzukii; a modeling approach

The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an invasive pest causing significant damage to soft skinned fruits. Control of D. suzukii is critical since there is no tolerance for infested fruit in the market. While most insecticides control one or more D. suzukii life-stages (e.g., egg, larvae, and adult), the impact of insecticides that are toxic to immature stages  is unclear on the subsequent generation of a field population. Insecticides were applied at field recommended rates on cherries and blueberries in the laboratory to determine immature D. suzukii mortality. Spinetoram, cyantraniliprole, malathion, methomyl, spinosad, and phosmet resulted in relatively high mortality of all immature life stages. Zeta-cypermethrin, cyclaniliprole, and fenpropathrin resulted in lower mortality of egg and all larval instars. Malathion was also applied to lowbush blueberries with different fruit sizes (small, medium, and large) in the laboratory and there was no statistical difference in mortality rates depending on fruit sizes. Mortality data from the laboratory experiments were used to parameterize a refined D. suzukii population model. The model revealed that the timing and order of different insecticide classes are important to control D. suzukii population. Model runs that included early applications of more effective insecticides resulted in high immature mortality and greater reduction of D. suzukii populations compared to treatments applied later.

     

不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性

【目的】 明确不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性,为西南稻区中籼杂交稻机插高产栽培和品种选育提供理论和实践依据。 【方法】 以西南稻区的20个中籼杂交稻品种为材料,依据日产量将供试品种聚类为高日产、中日产和低日产3个类型,进而研究了不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间的氮素积累、分配、转运及氮素生产利用效率的差异及其与日产量的关系。【结果】（1）不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间氮素积累特性差异明显。较中日产和低日产类型,高日产类型机插杂交籼稻在拔节前（播种—拔节期）具有较低的氮素积累比例,但其能有效提高拔节期和齐穗期各器官及植株含氮量,成熟期穗部和植株含氮率,以及2017年拔节—齐穗阶段的氮素积累量和2018年齐穗—成熟阶段氮素积累速率,进而提高全生育期氮素积累速率,使全生育期植株氮素积累量分别增加了3.70%—5.97%和16.57%—18.63%。（2）高日产类型机插杂交籼稻具有较高的齐穗期茎鞘和成熟期穗部氮素分配比例,以及较低的成熟期叶片氮素分配比例,其地上部营养器官（特别是茎鞘）氮素转运量明显高于中日产和低日产类型。（3）低日产类型机插杂交籼稻显著提高了氮素干物质生产效率,而高日产类型则能有效提高氮素收获指数和偏生产力。（4）相关分析表明,随日产量增加,各生育时期植株含氮率,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累量和积累速率,齐穗期茎鞘氮素分配比例和氮素偏生产力均显著增加,拔节前氮素积累比例、成熟期叶片氮素分配比例和氮素干物质生产效率均显著降低。【结论】整体看来,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累速率快、积累量大,齐穗期茎鞘和成熟穗部氮素分配比例高,可作为高日产类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特征指标。     

新疆牛羊产业链中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染调查与毒力基因检测

【目的】 分析乌鲁木齐及周边地区牛羊源金黄色葡萄球菌及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况及常见毒力基因检测。【方法】 采集乌鲁木齐及周边地区牛养殖场和牛羊屠宰场752份样品(粪样、挤奶厅工具拭子、胴体拭子、屠宰工具拭子等),采用国家标准方法进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的鉴定,检测10种常见毒力基因(sea、seb、sec、fnbA、fnbB、hla、hlb、clfa、pvl、tst)的编码情况。【结果】 共分离出26株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为3.46%,其中奶牛养殖场、牛屠宰场和羊屠宰场的分离率分别是4.39%、1.13%、3.72%、。其中有8株是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,占检出率的30.77%。毒力基因sea、seb、sec、fnbA、fnbB、hla、hlb、clfa、pvl、tst的检测率分别是11.54%、19.23%、3.85%、3.85%、23.08%、100%、53.85%、100%、0、15.38%,其中clfa和hla的检出率最高。 【结论】 新疆奶牛养殖场和牛羊屠宰场中均存在金黄色葡萄球菌,其中奶牛养殖场中MRSA的污染较严重,金黄色葡萄球菌主要编码hla和clfa 2种毒力基因。     

高地隙四轮独立驱动喷雾机路径跟踪模型预测控制

针对传统燃油驱动、前轮转向的高地隙喷雾机传动效率低、碳排放高、环境污染、智能化水平低、灵活性差等问题,本研究提出了一种适用于无人驾驶的高地隙四轮独立驱动（Four Wheel Independent Drive,4WID）喷雾机。其采用混合动力、前后双转向桥的4WID,转向半径小,前后轮的运行轨迹高度一致,能够减少田间植保作业时的压苗现象。考虑水田极端作业环境下驱动轮的滑移、陷坑等问题,基于喷雾机线性时变的运动学模型（LTV）,构建了考虑驱动轮滑移的分层路径跟踪控制。上层模型预测控制（Model Predictive Control,MPC）器根据预期路径、车辆当前位置,获得喷雾机的转向角和运动速度,实现路径跟踪。下层以模糊控制和积分分离PID控制构建驱动轮滑移控制器,从而实现路径跟踪、运动速度、驱动轮滑移的有效控制,提高了喷雾机在复杂作业环境中的稳定性和路径跟踪精度。采用Adams/Matlab的联合仿真结果表明,在复杂的工况条件下,喷雾机驱动轮的滑移率依然控制在±20%之内,防止驱动轮发生过度滑移对车速和转向角产生不良影响,有利于喷雾机稳定性的提升。本喷雾机能够快速准确地跟踪期望路径,与未考虑驱动轮滑移的控制相比,能够适应更加复杂的工作环境,跟踪精度有明显提升。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of a Lipid Extract from Hard-Shelled Mussel (Mytilus Coruscus) on Chronic Arthritis in Rats

The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) on adjuvant-induced (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. AIA and CIA rats that received hard-shelled mussel lipid extract (HMLE group) at a dose of 100 mg/kg demonstrated significantly lower paw swelling and arthritic index, but higher body weight gain than those which received olive oil (control group). Similar results were found in arthritic rats that received New Zealand green-lipped mussel lipid extract (GMLE) at the same dosage. The levels of leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) in the serum, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ankle joint synovial fluids of HMLE group rats were significantly lower than those of control group. However, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in HMLE group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. Decreased mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP13, but increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) were observed in the knee joint synovium tissues of HMLE group rats when compared with the control group. No hepatotoxicity was observed in both HMLE and GMLE group rats. The present results indicated that HMLE had a similarly strong anti-inflammatory activity as GMLE. Such a strong efficacy could result from the suppression of inflammatory mediators (LTB₄, PGE₂, TXB₂), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α) and MMPs (MMP1, MMP13), and the promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and TIMPs (TIMP1) productions.     

Comparative insights into influences of co-contamination by rare-earth elements and heavy metals on soil bacterial and fungal communities

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Rare-earth elements (REEs) have been listed as emerging pollutants, and REEs often occur together with heavy metals (HMs) in the environment. Large amounts of REEs...     

枸杞不同树龄生长活力研究

以宁杞1号为研究材料,对枸杞不同树龄的物候期、枝条生长量、光合速率和叶绿素含量进行调查分析。结果表明,13年龄植株的萌芽期、展叶期、现蕾期、开花期、新稍生长期均较其他树龄提前,尤其以萌芽期、展叶期、新稍生长期提前更明显。枝条日生长速度与树龄的关系表现为低龄树大于高龄树,即树龄越小,枝条生长越快,树龄越大枝条生长就越慢。不同树龄叶片光合速率从强到弱依次为13年树龄、17年树龄、8年树龄、5年树龄、22年树龄。最高的13年树龄比最低的22年树龄叶片的光合速率高出37%,不同树龄叶片叶绿素含量存在显著差异,随着树龄增大叶绿素含量逐步降低,以22年树龄含量下降最为明显。     

烤烟品种红花大金元在小哨地区的推广试验研究

对烤烟品种红花大金元和对照品种云烟87植物学、农艺性状、抗逆性和经济性状进行调查,结果表明:红花大金元在植物学性状、农艺性状上存在的不足是叶色深绿、成熟度低、产量低;红花大金元在抗逆性中的表现均优于对照,特别是抗气候性斑点病;红花大金元的经济性状明显高于对照。可见,红花大金元是一个抗气候性斑点病、经济价值高的特色品种烟,因此适合在小哨地区种植。     

汽爆玉米秸秆同步糖化发酵产乙醇的工艺优化

该文对同步糖化发酵玉米秸秆生产纤维乙醇的工艺条件进行了研究,分别利用单因素试验和正交试验考察了影响发酵的工艺条件。结果显示：温度37℃、pH值4.8、底物15%（质量分数）、表面活性剂Tween-20 0.15%（质量分数）、纤维素酶用量30 U/g、酵母用2%的葡萄糖溶液活化,接种量5‰（相对底物干质量）、培养基的组成：KH2PO4 2.5 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 2.0 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.15 g/L,CaCl2 0.35 g/L、发酵时间60 h为同步糖化发酵（SSF）生产乙醇的最优工艺条件,该条件下乙醇的体积分数为2.85%,乙醇得率达理论值的88.12%。