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排序方式: 共有619条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
611.
The Philippines has a long history of rabies control efforts in their dog populations; however, long‐term success of such programmes and the goal of rabies elimination have not yet been realized. The Bohol Rabies Prevention and Elimination Program was developed as an innovative approach to canine rabies control in 2007. The objective of this study was to assess canine rabies vaccination coverage in the owned‐dog population in Bohol and to describe factors associated with rabies vaccination 2 years after implementation of the programme. We utilized a cross‐sectional cluster survey based on the World Health Organization’s Expanded Programme on Immunization coverage survey technique. We sampled 460 households and collected data on 539 dogs residing within these households. Seventy‐seven per cent of surveyed households reported owning at least one dog. The human‐to‐dog ratio was approximately 4 : 1, and the mean number of dogs owned per household was 1.6. Based on this ratio, we calculated an owned‐dog population of almost 300 000. Overall, 71% of dogs were reported as having been vaccinated for rabies at some time in their lives; however, only 64% of dogs were reported as having been recently vaccinated. Dogs in our study were young (median age = 24 months). The odds of vaccination increased with increasing age. Dogs aged 12–23 months had 4.6 times the odds of vaccination compared to dogs aged 3–11 months (95% CI 1.8–12.0; P = 0.002). Confinement of the dog both day and night was also associated with increased odds of vaccination (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 0.9–4.9; P = 0.07), and this result approached statistical significance. While the programme is on track to meet its goal of 80% vaccination coverage, educational efforts should focus on the need to confine dogs and vaccinate young dogs. 相似文献
612.
Patricia G. Cardoso Eduarda Pereira Tiago F. Grilo Armando C. Duarte Miguel A. Pardal 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(1):421-428
Mercury bioaccumulation kinetics of two important macrobenthic species, the polychaete Hediste diversicolor and the bivalve Scrobicularia plana, were evaluated following a dietary pathway (i.e. contaminated algae), through a mesocosm laboratory experiment. Both studied
species presented a similar model of Hg bioaccumulation kinetics, a linear pattern of accumulation through time being the
mercury accumulation in the organisms proportional to the mercury concentration in the food. Mercury bioaccumulation rates
were higher in the polychaete H. diversicolor (reaching approximately 0.15 μg g−1 at the end of the experiment) than in the bivalve S. plana (≈0.07 μg g−1), which could be related to their feeding strategies, ingestion rates and assimilation efficiencies. Moreover, the mercury
bioaccumulation revealed to be quite a fast process especially for the polychaete, and despite the fact that this species
is not an edible organism, it is an important prey item, which can greatly contribute to the transport of contaminants to
higher trophic levels. Therefore, the bioaccumulation of mercury by these important macrobenthic species, especially the bivalves,
represents a non-negligible risk for humans. 相似文献
613.
C. Borrego A. Monteiro E. Sá A. Carvalho D. Coelho D. Dias A. I. Miranda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):5307-5320
Recently, specific air quality problems have been detected in the northern region of Portugal. The nitrogen oxide (NO2) annual limit value has been surpassed at several air quality monitoring stations in the northern region, and according to European legislation, air quality plans must be designed and implemented to reduce those levels. The analysis of the air quality data from the stations concerning NO2 exceedances indicates that traffic is responsible for an increase of more than 40?% compared with the urban background value. Specific measures to reduce NOx emissions have been selected and are related not only mainly to the traffic sector but also to the industrial and residential combustion sectors. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the selected measures on the ambient levels of NO2 in northern Portugal using a numerical modelling tool??The Air Pollution Model (TAPM). TAPM was applied over the study region using a 120?×?120-km2 simulation domain and a spatial resolution of 4.8?×?4.8?km2. The entire year of 2010 was simulated and was set as the base year to analyse the impact of the selected measures. Two scenarios have been defined and simulated: the base situation, which considers current NOx emissions, and the reduction scenario for which NOx emissions were re-estimated considering the implementation of the measures. The modelling results demonstrate a decrease of 4?C5???g?m?3 in the annual NO2 levels in the study region. Moreover, the implementation of the selected measures will allow compliance with the NO2 annual limit values in three of the five air quality stations that measured levels surpassing those established by legislation. This situation demands additional measures that should be implemented at the local level and that particularly focus on the traffic sector. 相似文献
614.
Jaramillo Colorado BE Martelo IP Duarte E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(25):6364-6368
The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from aerial parts of Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wilson was analyzed using hydrodistillation by GC-MS. The main constituents found were β-pinene (64.36%), (+)-sabinene (8.75%), hexadecanoic acid (6.03%), α-limonene (4.24%) and p-cymene (2.73%). The essential oil from T. trifolia shows high antioxidant potential (94.53%), an effect that is comparable with ascorbic acid (96.40%), used as standard. In addition, these oils had high repellent effects on the insect Tribolium castaneum Herbst (99% ± 1) at 0.2 μL/cm(2) after 2 h of exposure. 相似文献
615.
Ni KK Ospelkaus S de Miranda MH Pe'er A Neyenhuis B Zirbel JJ Kotochigova S Julienne PS Jin DS Ye J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5899):231-235
A quantum gas of ultracold polar molecules, with long-range and anisotropic interactions, not only would enable explorations of a large class of many-body physics phenomena but also could be used for quantum information processing. We report on the creation of an ultracold dense gas of potassium-rubidium (40K87Rb) polar molecules. Using a single step of STIRAP (stimulated Raman adiabatic passage) with two-frequency laser irradiation, we coherently transfer extremely weakly bound KRb molecules to the rovibrational ground state of either the triplet or the singlet electronic ground molecular potential. The polar molecular gas has a peak density of 10(12) per cubic centimeter and an expansion-determined translational temperature of 350 nanokelvin. The polar molecules have a permanent electric dipole moment, which we measure with Stark spectroscopy to be 0.052(2) Debye (1 Debye = 3.336 x 10(-30) coulomb-meters) for the triplet rovibrational ground state and 0.566(17) Debye for the singlet rovibrational ground state. 相似文献
616.
617.
The growth and mortality of Neptunea arthritica juveniles hatched from different egg masses (controlled conditions and field) reared at 10 and 15 °C, and provided with sardine (D1) and polychaete (D2) as foods were evaluated. Results showed that diet type and water temperature significantly affect the growth and mortality. Interaction between these factors reflected robust relationship among them, but restricted exclusively to growth. Through the study period, juveniles treated at 10 °C showed maximum increments of 2.5 mm (shell length), 2.3 mm (shell width) and 0.25 g (body weight) from their initial size. While maximum values of those treated at 15 °C for the above-mentioned parameters were 7.6 mm, 5.5 mm and 1 g respectively. In both cases, these increments were recorded for individuals fed with sardine. Mortality was significantly affected by diets and water temperature, which significantly increased under D2 [10 °C (20–67%), 15 °C (70–87%)] or 15 °C [D1 (30–83%), D2 (70–87%)]. According to the results, juveniles of N. arthritica could be maintained under controlled conditions, which allows growth improvement. Mortality appears to be the limiting factor, but this could be improved by the implementation of efficient culture method, basically oriented to increase the water quality. 相似文献
618.
Renal biochemistry variables and ultrasonographic imaging in healthy Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) 下载免费PDF全文
Fernanda Luiza de Miranda Lins e Lins Pedro Mayor Ednaldo Silva Filho Aline Amaral Imbeloni Wellington Bandeira da Silva Maria Vivina Barros Monteiro Diana Célia Sousa Nunes‐Pinheiro Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(1):126-131
619.
Miguel Costa Leal Marcela Carraro Melo Vaz João Puga Rui Jorge Miranda Rocha Chris Brown Rui Rosa Ricardo Calado 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(2):459-468
The marine ornamental fish trade (MOFT) is a worldwide industry that targets a remarkable quantity and diversity of reef fish species and provides an important source of revenue for exporting countries, particularly developing nations in Southeast Asia. Here we provide, for the first time, an economic assessment of the MOFT to the European Union (EU), one of the key players of the marine aquarium trade, along with the USA and Japan. Data from EUROSTAT (the European Statistical System) was analysed for the MOFT between 2000 and 2011. Results show that this industry was not affected by the economic crisis and accounted for a total of 135 million Euros during the study period. Both the UK and Indonesia have been reinforcing their importance as leading importer and exporter countries, respectively. The long‐term temporal pattern of the MOFT by EU and non‐EU countries is described, as well as its diversity and evenness between importing and exporting countries. The present economic assessment also identifies the key players of this industry, and ultimately contributes to management and conservation practices that may enhance the sustainable use of world's coral reefs. 相似文献