贮藏年限对油菜种子发芽特性的影响

采用普通发芽法对本所在昆明自然贮藏条件下贮存了1-17年的某蓝型油菜（B.napusL.)种子的发芽率，始萌发时间、萌发高峰期及幼苗素质等发芽特性的变化进行了研究，结果表明：甘蓝型油菜种子的发芽率随贮存年限的增加而呈阶梯式的下降，而且随着贮存年限的增加，种子始萌发所需时间及萌发高峰期出现的时间也随之增加，峰高降低，幼苗素质下降，根据测定结果，在昆明自然贮藏条件下，甘蓝型油菜种子的贮藏寿命为8-9年，安全贮藏期为1-7年，相关分析表明，贮藏1-7年的甘蓝型油菜种子的发芽率与贮存年限呈极显著负相关，相关系数r=-0。9527**，回归方程y-93.07-0.59x。     

粳型超级杂交稻辽优3225根系生理特性研究

以粳型杂交稻辽优3225及其亲本和常规品种为材料,在不同生育时期对根系的形态和生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,粳型杂交稻根系粗壮,在根系吸收面积、根系活力、合成氨基酸和吸收无机磷的能力等方面都表现明显的优势,尤以生长前期优势表现更为明显。杂交稻根系衰老较早较快,抽穗后虽然其根系SOD活性较强,但MDA含量迅速上升,衰老严重。     

辣木多糖酶促提取技术优化及不同部位含量研究

为研究辣木多糖的酶促提取工艺和辣木不同部位的多糖含量,在单因素试验的基础上,以多糖提取率为指标,选择纤维素酶用量、提取温度、提取时间、液料比为试验因素,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计对纤维素酶辅助提取辣木多糖的工艺参数进行优化,并在此基础上研究辣木不同部位的多糖含量差异。4种因素对辣木多糖提取率的影响顺序依次为:纤维素酶用量>提取温度>液料比>提取时间。建立辣木多糖提取率(Y)与纤维素酶用量(X1)、提取温度(X2)、提取时间(X3)、液料比(X4)的二次正交回归模型:Y=18.6602+0.8134X1+0.7572X2–0.4312X3+0.6909X4–0.5181X12–0.4935X22–0.6277X42,该模型拟合度好,4个因素均对多糖提取率有显著影响(p<0.05)。通过回归模型获得优化的提取工艺为:纤维素酶用量1.60%,提取温度53℃,提取时间68 min,液料比52∶1,在此条件下辣木多糖提取率为19.83%,实际值与预测值一致。辣木不同部位的多糖含量结果表明,辣木根、花、嫩叶、茎中均含有丰富的多糖,其中根中含量最高且极显著高于其他部位(p<0.01),可进一步开发利用。采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化得到的辣木多糖酶促提取工艺条件准确可靠,可有效提高辣木多糖提取率并可在生产中推广应用。     

磷肥在热带土壤中的转化规律及残效

采用海南岛6类土壤,进行不同施磷量盆栽试验,应用土壤无机磷分级方法,研究水溶性磷肥在砖红壤中转化的情况。盆栽试验历时5年。其结果表明:(1)过磷酸钙与土壤充分混合,连续盆栽作物5年中均有明显效应。(2)施磷肥处理所增加的有效磷比例和盆栽后土壤有效磷量逐年下降幅度因土壤类型不同而差异很大。(3)水溶性磷肥在土壤中很快转化为各种形态的无机磷,但其形态比例、变化趋向和速度也因土壤类型不同而异。玄武岩(铁质)砖红壤以Fe—P(磷酸铁盐)为主,浅海沉积物(硅铝质)砖红壤以Al—P(磷酸铝盐)为主,花岗岩和云母片岩(铝质)砖红壤的Al—P含量略高于Fe—P。在盆栽过程中各类土壤的Al—P含量逐年降低,而Fe—P的含量除了在玄武岩砖红壤中是逐年降低外,在其他类型的土壤中则逐年提高,施肥后,Ca—P(磷酸钙盐)的含量在各类土壤中都比盆栽前提高,但变化幅度很微小。(4)不同施磷量处理间土壤中O—P(闭蓄态磷酸铁)的含量差异不显著,盆栽过程头3年没有明显变化,而盆找后第5年比前3年有所增长,但只有玄武岩砖红壤的增长量达到显著水平。(5)无机磷转化的次序,似乎存在Al—P→Fe—P→O—P转化的趋向,因此,Al—P的有效性>Fe—P。     

Soil chemical properties,plant species composition,herbage quality,production and nutrient uptake of an alluvial meadow after 45 years of N,P and K application

Little is known about the long-term effects of mineral N, P and K application on the nutritional status of mown alluvial grasslands. We asked how long-term fertilizer application affected soil chemical properties, plant species composition, herbage production, nutrient concentrations in soils and plants and balance of nutrients. Six treatments (control, PK, N50PK, N100PK, N150PK and N200PK) were investigated at the Černíkovice Experiment (Czech Republic) established in 1966 on an Alopecurus pratensis meadow, using annual application rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N, 40 kg P and 100 kg K ha⁻¹. Data were collected and analysed for 2007, 2008 and 2009. Although fertilizers had been applied over 45 years, differences in soil chemical properties between fertilization treatments were small. The legumes Lathyrus pratensis and Trifolium repens responded highly positively to PK application, and tall grasses, A. pratensis in particular, to NPK application. Herbage quality was high in terms of content of major nutrients, and its chemical properties varied considerably between treatments, cuts and years. Mean annual herbage yield ranged from 6·1 in the control to 9·7 t ha⁻¹ in the N200PK treatment. Herbage production was N-limited in 2007 and 2009, but not in 2008. Seasonal N agronomical efficiency ranged from 4·2 to 22·9 kg of DM herbage per kg of applied N. The herbage N:P and N:K ratios did not reflect the actual response of herbage production to N application. A negative balance between N applied and N removed in harvested herbage was recorded in all treatments. We concluded that in highly productive alluvial grasslands, mineral-rich soils can respond weakly to N, P and K application, fertilizer application modifies plant species composition and herbage production is not N-limited in all years. Nutrient ratios must be interpreted with caution for the estimation of nutrient limitation.     

Laminarin,a Major Polysaccharide in Stramenopiles

During the processes of primary and secondary endosymbiosis, different microalgae evolved to synthesis different storage polysaccharides. In stramenopiles, the main storage polysaccharides are β-1,3-glucan, or laminarin, in vacuoles. Currently, laminarin is gaining considerable attention due to its application in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals industries, and also its importance in global biogeochemical cycles (especially in the ocean carbon cycle). In this review, the structures, composition, contents, and bioactivity of laminarin were summarized in different algae. It was shown that the general features of laminarin are species-dependence. Furthermore, the proposed biosynthesis and catabolism pathways of laminarin, functions of key genes, and diel regulation of laminarin were also depicted and comprehensively discussed for the first time. However, the complete pathways, functions of genes, and diel regulatory mechanisms of laminarin require more biomolecular studies. This review provides more useful information and identifies the knowledge gap regarding the future studies of laminarin and its applications.     

旱碱地增施叶面肥对减氮棉田冠层光分布及产量的影响

为了研究机采种植模式下不同水平减施氮肥后增施叶面肥对棉花花铃期冠层光分布、叶面积指数及与产量的影响,旱碱地条件下,设置0(CK)、60(N1)、90(N2)、120(N3)、150(N4)、180(N5,当地常规施氮量)、225 kg·hm^-2(N6)7个施氮水平,其中N1～N4喷施叶面肥4次,测定花铃期群体叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)、冠层光分布和籽棉产量。结果表明:与当地常规施氮量相比,减施(60～150 kg·hm^-2)氮肥后,棉花花铃期叶面积指数降低0.7%～5.5%,冠层光总截获率降低0.2～1.7百分点,冠层光透射率升高0.2～0.8百分点;各减施氮肥处理群体叶面积指数与冠层上层叶片的光截获率均呈显著正相关,与下层叶片的光截获率则呈负相关;籽棉产量随施氮量的减少而降低,二者有较高的相关性(R²=0.990 5)。减氮(90～150 kg·hm^-2)增施叶面肥处理的LAI、冠层光总截获率、光透射率、冠层上下层叶片光截获率以及籽棉产量与当地常规施氮量180kg·hm...     

植物硼效率差异的研究进展

综述了植物种类及不同品种间，特别是甘蓝型油菜品种间硼效率差异的生理生化机理及遗传学和分子生物学研究进展。指出，植物细胞壁果胶含量的形态及光合初产物的种类和运输形式是导致植物营养生长硼效率差异的主要原因，但是否是生殖生长硼效率差异的原因有待进一步证实 。植物硼效率是由基因控制的，应用遗传学和分子生物学技术可得到理想的硼高效品种。     

Flow cytometric analysis of T cell response in mice infected with Cowdria ruminantium.

A 3-fold increase in the numbers of Lyt-2+ T cells in the circulating blood of mice infected and re-infected with the Welgevonden stock of Cowdria ruminantium, as determined by flow cytometry, is supportive evidence that immunity in heartwater is cell-mediated. The rise in Lyt-2+ cells only after re-infection of the mice is further evidence that the development of immunity in heartwater is dependent on the unhindered and adequate replication of C. ruminantium.     

不同类型小麦品种孕穗期低温生理反应及其抗寒性分析

为明确冬小麦抗低温倒春寒的生理机制,以多穗型小麦品种济麦22、邯6172和大穗型小麦品种临麦4号、潍麦8号为材料,研究了孕穗期低温(1℃、-2℃)对小麦叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明,在低温处理当天,1℃低温下,4个品种的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和MDA含量均不同程度增加,SOD活性除济麦22外均提高;-2℃低温下,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量增加更明显,SOD活性除临麦4号外均降低,各品种MDA含量均显著减少。低温处理第3d和第6d,低温最初诱导产生的脯氨酸逐渐减少,MDA含量大幅降低,其余指标均增加。经用隶属函数法综合分析,4个品种的抗寒性相近,穗型间差异不明显。