Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes and effect of starvation in miiuy croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miichthys miiuy</Emphasis> larvae

The ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase and the effect of starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae were studied. The activities of these enzymes were detected prior to exogenous feeding, but their developmental patterns differed remarkably. Trypsin activity continuously increased from 2 days after hatching (dah), peaked on 20 dah, and decreased to 25 dah at weaning. Alkaline phosphatase activity oscillated at low levels within a small range after the first feeding on 3 dah. In contrast, amylase and lipase activities followed the general developmental pattern that has been characterized in fish larvae, with a succession of increases or decreases. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities generally started to increase or decrease at transitions from endogenous to exogenous feeding or diet changes, suggesting that these enzymatic activities can be modulated by feeding modes. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from 25 dah onwards, coinciding with the formation of gastric glands and pyloric caecum. These results imply that specific activities of these enzymes underwent changes due to morphological and physiological modifications or diet shift during larval development but that they became stable after the development of the digestive organs and associated glands was fully completed and the organs/glands functioned. Trypsin and alkaline phosphatase were more sensitive to starvation than amylase and lipase because delayed feeding up to 2 days after mouth opening was able to adversely affect their activities. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ among feeding groups during endogenous feeding; however, all activities were remarkably reduced when delayed feeding was within 3 days after mouth opening. Initiation of larvae feeding should occur within 2 days after mouth opening so that good growth and survival can be obtained in the culture.     

不同饵料对中华虎头蟹幼体发育和存活率的影响

为探讨中华虎头蟹苗种繁育过程中饵料及投喂的影响,进行了不同饵料对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体和大眼幼体生长发育和存活的影响实验。实验结果,中华虎头蟹各期幼体生长发育效果较好的饵料为动物性饵料,Z1期以卤虫无节幼体为开口饵料,只投喂扁藻后期幼体发育较差;Z2以轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的搭配为好;Z3期则以轮虫为适宜饵料;M期投喂卤虫无节幼体效果相对较好。     

加州鲈迟缓爱德华氏菌病的检测和防治

以江苏省吴江市八坼镇区域养殖场加州鲈鱼病鱼的细菌性病原体为研究对象。通过分离纯化,形态学观察,结合16S rRNA基因序列同源性检索,对该病原菌进行初步判断。同时进行药敏实验,了解该病原菌对各种抗生素的耐药性和敏感程度。研究结果:分离纯化得到2株纯菌株L2F和L2P2,革兰染色均呈红色,阴性杆状菌。16S rDNA序列分析,L2F和L2P2菌株与迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)的同源性达99%。初步判断该菌为迟缓爱德华氏菌。药敏实验结果,该菌对磺胺异恶唑、链霉素和利福平等药物不敏感或耐药,对左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、强力霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮相对敏感。     

Screening of cold-resistant seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of eastern Gansu province,China, as rootstocks

Seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of Eastern Gansu province, China, were evaluated to screen cold-resistant rootstocks in Lanzhou area. After 14-year investigation two selections of LDP-191and LDP-294 were screened as rootstocks for two table grape cultivars, ‘Fujiminori’ and ‘Red Globe’, respectively. The two graft unions demonstrated very high cold-resistance as well as good graft compatibility. Furthermore, they could survive through low temperatures in winter without soil coverage together with good fruit quality of the cultivars grafted.     

大蒜高产栽培技术及病虫害防治

大蒜为百合科葱属植物蒜的鳞茎。大蒜的幼苗、花茎、鳞茎均为广大群众所喜食,不仅可以生食和做成调味品,还可以做成糖醋蒜、罐头和大蒜油等产品出口创汇。大蒜栽培历史有2000多年,大蒜是人们日常生活不可缺少的辛香类蔬菜。大蒜含有丰富的糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维,数量元素、维生素和大蒜素,营养与保健价值极高,被誉为“天然广谱杀菌素”。     

苹果主要病虫害的发生与防治

1、苹果腐烂病 1.1为害症状苹果树腐烂病有溃疡型、枝枯型两种.溃疡型病斑是冬春发病盛期和夏季在极度衰弱树上发生的典型症状.病斑最初在外表,不易被发现,揭开枝干表皮后,可见暗褐色湿润状小斑或黄褐色干斑,当环境条件适宜时,在夏秋落皮层上出现稍带红褐色、稍湿润的小溃疡斑.     

海水育苗锅炉的节能降耗

海水养殖业中耗能较大的环节是海水育苗,因为育苗企业鼓风机天天转、锅炉天天烧、水泵天天抽,既是耗煤大户又是耗电大户,所以海水育苗行业如何在保证正常生产的前提下把能耗降下来是今后育苗生产中的一个重要工作。在此,笔者就本行业锅炉的一些使用方法略做说明。     

基于响应面法的板料成形工作模面几何参数优化

阐述了以响应面法建立板料成形参数与有限元模拟结果的代理模型的基本原理;介绍了板料成形中的设计变量、目标函数、约束条件,多目标优化的处理方法;基于响应面法.以汽车后桥悬架内板零件为研究对象,成形后最小板料厚度为优化目标,成形极限图为约束条件,建立了模面几何参数优化模型;对模面几何参数进行优化并获得最优参数组合;以最优几何参数组合进行了实际的冲压试验,验证了优化结果.     

驱动圆盘犁的研究与设计

驱动圆盘犁对土堡侧面和底部的土壤进行旋转滑切,将土垡底部的土壤由沟底撕裂开形成土垡,并利用圆盘的旋转将土垡抬升并翻转.为此,以研究驱动圆盘犁为目标,分析了驱动圆盘犁各几何参数和工作参数对其工作过程的影响,为驱动圆盘犁的研制提供了可靠的理论依据.通过理论分析,阐明了驱动圆盘犁的运动学特性,推导了残耕高度的计算公式.     

封闭式蛋鸡舍环境控制系统的设计

针对全封闭的蛋鸡舍结构特点和室内环境因子不同于外界环境等问题,设计开发了全封闭蛋鸡舍环境调控系统.该系统以单片机LPC2132为微控器,由上位机和智能监控点构成监控硬件系统,其执行机构由湿帘风机、喷雾等设施组成.该系统根据智能监控点传来的传感器所采集信息数据,通过一定算法分析决策,能够实现鸡舍内的温度、湿度、光照度、二氧化碳、氨气和硫化氢按照设定值自动调控.夏季试验结果表明:在封闭式蛋鸡舍试用的环境调控系统,对蛋鸡舍环境因子中的温度和湿度进行了调控试验,试验期间的蛋鸡的产蛋率比对照组高出约15%,说明设计的蛋鸡舍环境控制系统具有推广价值.