循环水养殖大口黑鲈摄食颗粒饲料的声学特征

为突破智能投饲系统的技术瓶颈,近年来采用被动声学技术开展鱼虾摄食行为研究成为热点之一。该研究主要采用被动声学技术获取单体大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）摄食声信号,从混合信号中提取完善的摄食信号,筛选可作为衡量大口黑鲈摄食活跃度的声学特征参数,以期对摄食活跃度进行量化。根据大口黑鲈喂食期间的同步音频与视频记录,确定信号类别并进行标记,主要提取每次吞食饲料的时域与频域特征,对比各参数与吞食次序之间的相关度。研究结果表明,摄食声信号能量主要集中于4～7 kHz,且大口黑鲈吞食间隔与吞食次序呈正相关,稳定性较强;而时域特征中的波形振幅极差与频域特征的功率积分值均与吞食次序呈负相关。吞食间隔、振幅极差及功率积分值均可以作为衡量摄食活跃度的量化指标,而共振峰与平均梅尔倒谱系数可作为摄食声识别参数,研究结果可为今后养殖鱼类被动声学智能投饲系统研发提供理论基础。     

不同pH条件下罗非鱼肌肉蛋白分离效果及其功能特性的研究

利用pH调节法制备罗非鱼分离鱼蛋白.在临界pH条件下对罗非鱼肌肉蛋白进行处理得到肌肉溶解蛋白(Solution Muscle Protein,SMP),再利用等电点沉淀法对罗非鱼肌肉溶解蛋白进行分离得到肌肉分离蛋白(Isolated Muscle Protein,IMP),考查SMP的溶解率、黏度及IMP凝胶制品和常规中性漂洗(Conventional Wash)处理得到的蛋白凝胶制品的凝胶强度.以罗非鱼肌肉蛋白质在不同pH下的处理、转谷酰胺酶、食盐及凝胶化温度为因素,凝胶强度为目标参数进行正交试验设计.结果表明,与常规中性漂洗法相比, pH调节法制备的罗非鱼分离鱼蛋白具有回收效果好、功能性强的特点.     

Effects on growth and survival of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) larvae when co-fed on live and microparticle diets

The effectiveness of co-feeding loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ) larvae with live and microparticle diets on weaning performance was described here. Dry weight, total length, length and weight-specific growth rate (SGR) and survivals were monitored at 23–25 °C from the 4th day post hatching (dph) in different diet regimes, which included: microparticle diets (A), live cladocerans (B), enriched cladocerans (C), half microparticle diets plus half live cladocerans (D) and half microparticle diets plus half enriched cladocerans (E). The SGR (L and W) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments after completing metamorphosis (day 4–20, P <0.05). On 30 dph, dry weight (mg) and total length (mm) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in growth in treatments B, C, D and E before 30 dph. However, when live feed was withdrawn from 31–60 dph, in metamorphosed fish, there were significant differences ( P <0.05) among the treatments in survival and growth. Metamorphosed fish in treatment E had higher survival than the fish in other treatments at the end of the experiment. The SGR (L and W) of weaned fish in treatments B and C were similar but lower than in treatments A, D and E respectively. However, dry weight and total length in treatment A were significantly lower than in treatments D and E. It is suggested that weaning of M. anguillicaudatus from early development would appear to be feasible and that larval co-feeding improves the growth and the survival.     

潜流湿地技术在高密度养殖尾水处理中的应用

构建"潜流湿地+生物净化"的湿地生态系统,并以纯生物净化系统作为对照区,研究其对池塘高密度养殖尾水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、悬浮物总颗粒(SS)指标的去除效果,并对试验区与对照区内的产量与效益进行分析。结果表明:构建湿地生态系统后,区域内养殖面积有所减少,但产量与效益却有所提高。试验区的净化面积占整个养殖系统的7.9%,远远小于对照区的净化面积占比18.8%。对TN、TP、CODMn的去除率分别为80.8%～90.9%、78.95%～88.18%和23.20%～27.24%,对照区对相应指标的去除率分别为70.8%～88.7%、76.09%～87.14%和15.38%～25.08%,试验区的去除效率略高于对照区。至2011年,试验区与对照区的池塘生产各类水产品产量分别比2009年增长24.8%与19.2%、销售收入分别增长了26.4%与14.8%、利润分别增加了35.2%与18.64%。试验区产量与效益明显好于对照区。因此,潜流湿地方式净化水质节省了土地资源,提高了鱼池利用率及养殖效益,与纯生物净化相比具有明显的优越性。     

怀山药皮对淇河鲫血清生化、免疫指标及组织结构的影响

为探究怀山药皮(Chinese yam peel,YP)对淇河鲫免疫的影响,选取平均体重为(106.76±3.74)g的淇河鲫240尾,随机分为对照组(NC)、0.5%怀山药皮添加组(LYP)、1%怀山药皮添加组(MYP)、2%怀山药皮添加组(HYP)4组,养殖8周,检测实验鱼生长指标、血清生化指标及免疫相关基因的表达情况。结果显示:添加怀山药皮对淇河鲫生长指标没有显著性影响;血液生化指标中谷草转氨酶活性在MYP组显著性降低,碱性磷酸酶的活性显著升高;与NC组相比,怀山药皮添加组肝脏细胞膜与核膜完整性增强,胞质破碎,核溶解、偏移现象减轻;与NC组相比,添加怀山药皮上调了抑炎因子(IL-10)、紧密连接蛋白基因(Claudin-1)、抗氧化基因(CAT和GST)和TLR通路基因(TLR4)mRNA表达量。以上结果表明,饲料中添加怀山药皮,能在一定程度上增强鱼体免疫力。     

流沙湾海域勒氏枝鳔石首鱼生物学性状的初步研究

在2013年1—12月渔业资源调查数据的基础上,研究了流沙湾海域勒氏枝鳔石首鱼的体长分布、体长-体质量的关系、肥满度月变化、饵料组成、摄食强度和营养级等生物学特性。结果表明:流沙湾海域枝鳔石首鱼体长82~145 mm,优势体长组为116~125 mm和106~115 mm;体长(L)-体质量(W)关系方程为:W=0.0242L~(2.9564)(R~2=0.9471);肥满度最大值出现在2月份,最小值出现在7月;枝鳔石首鱼的饵料组成以甲壳类为主要类群。枝鳔石首鱼的空胃率随季节变化显著(P0.05),在冬季最大,春季达到最小,饱满度指数在秋季最高,冬季最低;营养级变化范围在2.69~3.11,平均营养级为2.94。     

Effect of Bacillus cereus as a water or feed additive on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia

We evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus, as an additive in water and feed, on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experiments were performed in tanks and net cages respectively. Experiment 1: Tilapia were housed in tanks for 42 days, and B. cereus was added to the water at 1.0 × 10⁴ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 ×10⁵ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Experiment 2: Tilapia were housed in cages for 42 days, and the feed was supplemented with B. cereus at 1.0 × 10⁷ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 × 10⁸ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Each treatment contained three replicates, with 50 male tilapias per replicate. The fish from the probiotic treatments in both tank and cage experiments had significantly higher serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities than the control. In the cage experiment, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase activities in tilapia were significantly higher in probiotic treatments compared with the control. The results of polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus supplementation in the feed and water affected the autochthonous gut bacteria community of tilapia and stimulated various potentially beneficial bacteria. Therefore, B. cereus, as a water or feed additive, could enhance the immune status and affect the gut microbiota of tilapia. Bacillus cereus was more effective as a feed supplement rather than a water additive for enhancing the immune status of tilapia.     

南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)养殖污染的营养学(Nutriology)调控

南美白对虾养殖污染严重，本文从营养素的生态调整和绿色添加剂的应用两方面综合阐述了南美白对虾养殖污染的营养学调控途径。以期从源头上来控制和调节南美白对虾的营养代谢。减轻环境压力，实施可持续发展。     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected feed ingredients for juvenile snakehead,Ophiocephalus argus

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in Peruvian fish meal, poultry by‐product meal, meat and bone meal, spray‐dried blood meal, hydrolysed feather meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were determined for juvenile snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus) with initial mean body weight of 78.1 g. A reference diet and test diets that consisted of a 70 : 30 mixture of the reference diet to test ingredient were used with 5 g kg^?1 Cr₂O₃ as an external indicator. Fish meal, poultry by‐product meal and corn gluten meal had higher ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy among ingredients tested. Dry matter ADCs ranged 61.9–81.5% for animal ingredients and corn gluten meal and ranged 52.2–68.0% for soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Energy ADCs of ingredients followed similar trends to differences in dry matter digestibility. Protein ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 73.6–92.8% and 75.3–85.6%, respectively. Amino acid ADCs generally reflected protein digestibility. Lipid ADCs were relatively high for the ingredients tested. Phosphorus ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 39.5–65.2% and 38.7–57.1%, respectively.