糖苷水解酶家族基因AghyGH1a参与莲草直胸跳甲对皂苷的代谢

为了解植物化合防御物质皂苷对专食性天敌莲草直胸跳甲Agasicles hygrophila的防御作用,测定莲草直胸跳甲2龄幼虫取食皂苷后的排泄和肠道变化,利用转录组测序筛选参与皂苷代谢的候选基因,并采用 RNA 干扰技术鉴定候选基因功能。结果发现,取食皂苷导致莲草直胸跳甲幼虫排泄量增加,肠道畸变,排泄量与取食皂苷浓度正相关。转录组测序发现,与对照相比,取食 100 mmol/L皂苷处理的莲草直胸跳甲幼虫肠道有496条差异表达基因,其中261个上调基因和235个下调基因。GO分类和KEGG分类分析发现糖苷水解酶家族1（glycoside hydrolase family1,GH1）基因集中在碳水化合物水解通路。利用RNA干扰技术鉴定发现,莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a基因沉默可导致幼虫取食皂苷后排泄量增加,肠道内容物颜色更暗沉。表明莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a参与皂苷代谢。     

代谢酶抑制剂PX对除草剂防除稗草的增效作用

为解决除草剂防除困难的问题,采用室内盆栽试验测定了PX、PM和Mn²⁺三种代谢酶抑制剂对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶防除稗草Echinochloa crus-galli的增效作用,测定不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对这5种除草剂的增效作用及其与莠去津混用后稗草体内谷胱甘肽转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）和细胞色素 P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）活性的变化。结果显示,在3种代谢酶抑制剂中,代谢酶抑制剂PX对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶5种除草剂的增效作用最显著。不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对不同除草剂的增效作用不同,其中75 g (a.i.)/hm²代谢酶抑制剂PX对莠去津的增效最佳,株防除效果和鲜重防除效果分别增加了35.33个百分点和37.33个百分点。莠去津与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用后,稗草体内GST和CYP450活性均较对照显著降低。表明除草剂与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用能增加除草剂对稗草的防除效果,可以达到减施除草剂的目的。     

草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒对草地贪夜蛾的毒力及其侵染特征

为明确草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒（Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,SfMNPV）对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda 的毒力及其体内外侵染特性,于室内测定SfMNPV对草地贪夜蛾的毒力,采用苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin,HE）染色分析SfMNPV侵染后草地贪夜蛾的组织病理学特征,通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR）技术分析SfMNPV在草地贪夜蛾体内和Sf9细胞系中的复制特征。结果表明,SfMNPV对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的LC₅₀和LT₅₀分别为7.39×10⁵ OBs/mL和3.82 d;SfMNPV可侵染草地贪夜蛾幼虫的真皮、气管、脂肪体和中肠等组织,未侵染肌肉组织;SfMNPV侵染96 h后草地贪夜蛾体内SfMNPV基因组拷贝数最大,为3.91×10⁶ 拷贝数/ng,SfMNPV侵染96 h后Sf9细胞培养上清液中SfMNPV基因组拷贝数最大,为2.08×10⁷ 拷贝数/mL。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

Effects of exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on function of endothelial cells

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS hUCMSCs and HUVECs were isolated, cultured and identified. Exosomes derived from hUCMSCs were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The morphological change of exosomes was observed under transmission electron microscope. The particle size and concentration of exosomes were detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the surface specific marker proteins of exosomes were determined by Western blot. hUCMSCs were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group. The viability of hUCMSCs was measured by CCK-8 assay. HUVECs were divided into control group, normoxic exosome group and hypoxic exosome group. The proliferation of HUVECs was detected by EdU assay. The migration ability was detected by cell scratch assay and Transwell experiment. Tube formation ability was evaluated by tube formation experiment. RESULTS Compared with normoxia group, hypoxia pretreatment enhanced the viability and exosome release of hUCMSCs. Compared with normoxic exosome group, hypoxic exosomes enhanced the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from hUCMSCs under hypoxia enhances the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs.     

新时期蚕业技术推广方式研究

在传统蚕业向现代蚕业转变的新时期,要提高土地产出率、劳动生产率、资源利用率,必须创新蚕桑技术推广方式,根据不同群体的个性化需求提供针对性的技术服务,采取印发实用技术资料、应用多媒体培训手段、设立专家咨询电话、建立蚕业短信平台、进行现场示范培训、培育示范大户、建立蚕需物资配送网络、创立蚕业生产数据库等群众看得见、摸得着、直观、简便的推广方式,及时、有效地将实用技术传递到蚕农手中。     

对羟基苯甲酸和肉桂酸对巨尾桉9号苗木生长及生理指标的影响

采用基质栽培试验,研究对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸对3月生巨尾桉9号苗木生长及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响,结果表明：对羟基苯甲酸各处理浓度（10、50、100、500 mg/L）下的苗高增长量、地径增长量均显著高于对照,且在10 mg/L时,苗高增长量最大,为52.33 cm;肉桂酸10 mg/L时巨尾桉苗木苗高增长量较对照高,且随着其浓度的增加,苗高增长量和地径增长量均逐渐降低。对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸各浓度下巨尾桉9号苗木叶片叶绿素总含量均极显著低于对照,丙二醛含量略高于对照;对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸各浓度对巨尾桉9号叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性均具有一定的影响。对羟基苯甲酸10、50、100 mg/L及肉桂酸10 mg/L处理下的综合化感效应指数为正,对羟基苯甲酸500 mg/L及肉桂酸50、100、500 mg/L处理下的综合化感效应指数为负。可见,对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸对巨尾桉9号苗木的生长具有“低浓度促进、高浓度抑制”的规律,拐点浓度分别为100、10 mg/L;且在处理浓度相同时,肉桂酸的化感作用较对羟基苯甲酸强。     

中国森林资源管理政策的演变及启示

依据目标和途径将中国森林资源管理政策的变迁划分为4个阶段,评述了各个阶段森林资源管理政策的主要特点,并进一步就政策内容、政策制定和执行等方面探讨了从中获得的启示。     

理论灌输模式的建构

运用模式方法研究高校思想政治教育是当前教育研究的崭新领域,对于提高高校思想政治教育的实效性具有重要意义.理论灌输模式作为高校思想政治教育模式的一种,包括教育者、受教育者、教育内容、教育手段四个要素和激发动机、理论传授、理论学习、检查巩固、实践运用、总结评价等操作环节,它主要应用于高校思想政治理论课模式、通识教育模式、政治理论学习模式和个别辅导模式等.     

Effects of nitrogen and water stress on the rehydration,endogenous hormonal regulation and yield of maize

Water scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi-arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought-tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth-leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha⁻¹) and N3 (N300 kg N ha⁻¹) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi-arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100-grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.