Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages

Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of oocytes are considered as an important marker of the cytoplasmic maturation. The present study was designed to compare GSH concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes. In vivo matured oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by flushing fallopian tubes after laparotomy. Ovaries were collected from bitches with different reproductive stages, and collected oocytes were divided into 2 groups according to the size viz. < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter and cultured for 72 hr in Tissue Culture Medium-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 microg/ml estrogen, 0.5 microg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in the presence or absence of 50 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. GSH concentrations were determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. GSH concentrations of immature canine oocytes were 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5 and 6.8, and 3.1 and 6.5 pM/oocyte for < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter oocyte groups at anestrous, follicular and luteal stage, respectively (P<0.05). In vivo matured oocytes had significantly higher GSH concentrations compared with in vitro matured oocytes. The GSH content was 19.2 pM/oocyte for in vivo matured oocytes, while 4.1 to 8.1 and 5.7 to 13.2 pM/oocyte for in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, respectively (P<0.05). Presence of beta-mercaptoethanol increased GSH synthesis in canine oocytes cultured in vitro, and oocytes collected from follicular and luteal stage was superior to anestrus oocytes.     

小耳花猪蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列扩增与分析

以分离自小耳花猪消化道内的蛔虫为研究对象,提取虫体的DNA片断,然后用引物对核糖体DNA(rDNA)的内转录间隔区ITS-1、ITS-2及5.8S序列进行PCR扩增。结果显示,目的片段ITS总长为1441 bp,2个不同样品之间的I TS序列没有差异。通过BLAST检索,与相关蛔虫I TS序列进行比较,发现与拜林蛔线虫(Bayl i sascari s t ransfuga)、猪蛔虫(Ascari s suum)和人蛔虫(Ascari s l umbri coi des)的ITS序列相似性分别为88%、98%和86%,与其他蛔虫的相似性均小于90%。     

西藏自治区首次发现螟黄赤眼蜂

为发掘西藏地区本土的赤眼蜂资源,本研究利用灭活米蛾卵卡在西藏林芝嘎玛地区的梨园采集到一个赤眼蜂种群。采用ITS2序列比对鉴定所采集的赤眼蜂种类,并测定该蜂的生物学指标。结果表明：西藏林芝嘎玛地区所诱集的赤眼蜂鉴定为螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii,羽化率为80%,雌性比为57.14%,耐饥饿时间为1.08 d,后足径节长度为157.6μm。本研究将为发掘西藏地区赤眼蜂资源提供参考,并为利用赤眼蜂在西藏自治区开展生物防治实践奠定基础。     

柿饼贮藏工艺研究

对柿饼在贮藏过程中的防霉变、防褐变方法进行了研究，并试验了将制作半干食品的技术应用于柿饼贮藏工艺中的可行性。结果表明，柿饼的含水量、熏硫量、熏硫时间对柿饼霉变率有显著的影响，按推荐的熏硫工艺熏硫的柿饼贮藏3个月后，SO2的含量低于国家标准允许残留量100　mg／kg，贮藏期比未熏硫的柿饼平均延长4．5个月以上；避光、真空、低温、熏硫贮藏都可有效防止柿饼褐变，其中低温防褐变最为有效；柿饼经新工艺处理后，含水量由21％～27％（湿基计，以下同）提高至32％～37％，水分活度仍保持在0．75左右，传统风味基本保持不变而口感得到很好改善，贮藏期在9个月以上。     

甘蓝型与白菜型冬油菜杂交F1代植物学性状及自交亲和性分析

通过甘蓝型冬油菜与北方白菜型冬油菜及其正反交杂种F₁植物学形态,生长习性,自交亲和性的比较,分析杂种抗寒性,植物学形态,生长习性,自交亲和性的变化.选择白菜型冬油菜陇油9号与甘蓝型冬油菜Vision组配的(陇油9号×Vision),(Vision×陇油9号)甘白杂交正反交组合,通过亲本与杂种形态比较,越冬率统计,套袋自交以及花粉-柱头互作等,对杂种抗寒性,植物学形态,生长习性,自交亲和性作出评价.陇油9号与Vision杂交,杂种F₁植物学形态,干物质积累特性为中间型,生长习性和生长点下凹程度均偏白菜型.F₁正,反交越冬率分别为68.75%和65.00%,根长为14.83和14.30 cm,根颈直径为6.08 和5.67 mm.自交亲和性为:Vision>F₁ (Vision×陇油9号)>F₁ (陇油9号×Vision)>陇油9号,其相应的自交亲和指数为20.83,1.09,1.06,0.87;杂种及其亲本的自交亲和性的大小与其花粉在柱头上的萌发数量与萌发速度相一致.陇油9号与Vision杂交,杂种F₁抗寒性强于甘蓝型冬油菜,但较白菜型冬油菜弱.同时,白菜型冬油菜与甘蓝型冬油菜杂交,杂种F₁代自交亲和,但杂种的自交亲和程度远远低于甘蓝型冬油菜,而且F₁杂种的自交亲和性因杂交组合方式而有差异.     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

葛叶粉对肉鸡生长性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

选择同一条件下饲养的21日龄体重相近的新广麻鸡母鸡384只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只,分别饲喂含0(对照组)、1％、2％和3％野葛(Pueraria lobata)叶粉的试验饲粮,试验期共49 d,旨在研究肉鸡饲粮中添加葛叶粉对其生长性能、血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响.结果表明:1)肉鸡饲粮中添加1％～3％葛叶粉对肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);2)添加2％、3％葛叶粉均能显著提高肉鸡血清白蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量、降低甘油三酯含量和谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05);添加3％葛叶粉还可提高肉鸡血清总蛋白含量,显著降低尿素氮、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白含量和谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05);3)添加1％～3％葛叶粉可显著提高肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05)、添加3％葛叶粉可显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05);4)添加1％葛叶粉能显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M含量;添加2％葛叶粉显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M含量、降低白细胞介素1β含量;添加3％葛叶粉显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量、降低白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素2含量(P<0.05).综上所述,饲粮中添加1％～3％葛叶粉对肉鸡生长性能无负面影响,能在一定程度上提高肉鸡抗氧化性能和免疫功能,有利于机体健康.葛叶粉可应用到肉鸡饲料中,添加3％效果更好.     

Increased humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in growing pigs pre-treated with poly-γ-glutamic acid

This study was conducted to determine if humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine improved in 8-week-old growing pigs born to well-vaccinated sows pre-treated with 60 mg of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) three days before vaccination. Antibody against FMD virus serotype O was measured 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-vaccination, using a PrioCHECK FMDV type O ELISA kit. The results showed that positive antibody reactions against FMDV serotype O antigen among a component of the vaccine significantly increased in response to pre-injection with γ-PGA.     

Farmers' attitudes towards techniques for improving oestrus detection in dairy herds in South West England

Unidentified heats contribute to declining fertility rates in English dairy herds. Several techniques have been advocated to improve heat detection rates. Despite demonstrable technical efficacy and cost-effectiveness, uptake is low. A study in South West England used the Theory of Reasoned Action (TORA) to explore dairy farmers' attitudes and beliefs towards heat detection techniques. Few farmers were convinced that following prescribed observation times, milk progesterone testing and using pedometers would fit their system or improve on their current heat detection practices. Perceived difficulty of using a technique was not a constraint on adoption. Without promotion that addresses identified barriers and drivers to adoption, little change in current practice can be expected.     

甘肃省动物检疫出证人员分级管理模式实践

甘肃省动物卫生监督所制定了《甘肃省动物检疫出证人员管理办法》,通过明确动物检疫出证人员的资格条件,制定认定程序和资格注销程序,实行分级管理,使得出证人员的管理更加科学,责任感进一步增强,动物检疫出证行为更加规范,从而保证了动物检疫工作的质量。