安徽白山羊不同组织miR-143表达丰度的Real-time PCR检测

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类重要的非编码小RNA分子,其通过对靶基因的转录后调控广泛参与真核生物生殖、发育、病毒防御、细胞增殖和凋亡、脂肪代谢等多种生命活动。采取比较基因组学方法,在对其他7种哺乳动物直向同源基因序列分析的基础上,设计特异性引物,应用实时定量PCR技术测定安徽白山羊心、肝、脾、肺、肾、卵巢、子宫、输卵管、肌肉等9种组织中miR-143的表达情况。结果表明,依据同源基因设计的引物,可以进行山羊miR-143基因特异性检测。安徽白山羊miR-143表达丰度以肺脏最高,肝脏最低;7种组织相对表达量由高到低依次为:肺、子宫、心、脾和卵巢、输卵管和肌肉、肾、肝。研究结果为进一步研究miR-143在山羊组织分化及生长发育过程中的作用提供了借鉴。     

我国沿岸海域环境污染对渔业可持续发展的影响及对策探讨

阐述了我国沿岩海域主要污染物的种类，污染物质的迁移、转化引起的水域环境污染及污染现状等，讨论了环境污染对渔业生产的影响，从管理、防治、保护等方面提出了对策，以实现渔业的可持续发展目标。     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

盆栽朱蕉和月季N、P、K施肥比例初探

以观叶植物朱蕉和观花植物月季为试材进行施肥最佳Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例的选择。分别设４个Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例，３个施肥量。朱蕉以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１６－１６－１６的处理最佳，对促进朱蕉株高生长的最大效率比硝酸磷肥提高了４２％。硝酸磷肥及４种Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例（１６－１６－１６，２２－１０－１０，２０－１０－１１，２１－１１－１１）的最佳施肥量分别为４、２、２、４、２ｇ／盆·２０天。月季以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１８－８－１７为最佳。硝酸磷肥及４种比例（１６－１６－１６，１５－１５－２１，１４－１１－１２，１８－８－１７）的最佳施肥量分别为８、１２、４、４ｇ／盆·２０天。且Ａ１处理（１６－１６－１６）可使土壤ｐＨ值由偏碱性变为微酸性，Ｂ４处理（１８－８－１７）随施肥量的增加使土壤ｐＨ值逐渐降低。     

云南棕榈科观赏野生植物资源利用研究

本文介绍云南棕榈科野生植物资源的分布情况,对具有园林用途的棕榈观赏野生植物资源进行了分析,并提出棕榈野生植物在园林绿化中开发应用的相关建议及发展趋向。     

应用PAPD方法对鸡败血霉形体DNA多态性的研究

用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,通过筛选的５个随机引物（ＯＰＨ－０２,ＯＰＨ－０５,ＯＰＨ－０７,ＯＰＨ－１３,ＯＰＧ－１６）,对１４株鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）国际标准株和国内分离株进行了ＤＮＡ多态性研究。结果表明,５个引物共产生２１种条带,其中有３个条带分别为２个菌株所特有,扩增产物片段的长度在１５０～４５００ｂｐ之间,所有菌株均有１条共同条带,以ＯＰＨ－０５扩增产物的多态性最丰富。根据样品ＤＮＡ所获得的菌株间相似性指数表明,Ｄ９６０３与Ｄ９６０７相似指数最高,Ｓ６,Ｋ３９１３和Ｄ９６０４三者相互间相似性指数最低。提示ＲＡＰＤ方法可用于霉形体遗传标记的分析。     

Effect of soil moisture during stratification on dormancy release in seeds of five common weed species

Although the effects of cold stratification on the release of physiological dormancy in seeds have been studied extensively, knowledge of the role of soil moisture content on seed dormancy release during cold stratification is limited. Our study determined seed dormancy characteristics and the effect of soil moisture content on seed dormancy breakage during cold stratification in the five common weed species Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Plantago lanceolata and Setaria glauca. Seeds of all five species were dormant at the time of harvest and their germination response to light and temperature varied. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on seed dormancy release of all species except P. lanceolata. Germination percentage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum increased and then decreased as soil moisture content increased, regardless of germination test temperature. The optimal soil moisture content and seed moisture content for dormancy breakage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum were 8%, 12%, 8% and 22.0%, 37.7%, 25.7% respectively. Dry storage (after‐ripening) significantly increased germination of S. glauca. Moreover, increasing soil moisture content first slowed and then increased dormancy breakage in S. glauca. These results suggest that data on soil moisture content should be incorporated into models that predict weed seed dormancy breakage and timing of seedling emergence as well as those for weed management.     

稻瘟病拮抗菌NK413的鉴定及抑菌效果

菌株NK413是从黑龙江省农田土壤中分离得到的一株放线菌,为明确其分类地位及在植物病害生物防治中的应用潜力,采用多相分类法对其进行鉴定,并采用孢子萌发抑制法、菌丝生长速率法、杯碟法考察了NK413菌株及其代谢产物对稻瘟病菌的抑菌效果及作用方式。结果表明:菌株NK413的形态特征、生理生化特征与小白链霉菌(Streptomyces albulus)接近,细胞壁类型为Ⅰ型、磷脂脂肪酸成分符合链霉菌属特征。16S rDNA全长为1 614 bp,与小白链霉菌亲缘关系最近,因此将NK413定名为小白链霉菌(S.albulusNK413)。NK413对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用较强,原液对稻瘟病菌的抑菌圈直径达30 mm,无菌发酵滤液稀释1倍对孢子萌发的抑制率为100%,稀释5倍时对菌丝生长的抑制率为100%。抗菌谱广,具有较好的开发前景。     

盐胁迫下百合两个品种的叶绿体和线粒体超微结构比较

 对两个百合品种盐胁迫下超微结构的变化进行了研究分析。结果表明: ‘Prato’对照和低盐浓度处理下, 叶肉细胞内细胞器丰富, 叶绿体片层排列整齐, 高盐处理导致细胞器减少, 叶绿体解体; 而‘Sorbonne’在低盐处理水平表现异常, 其细胞器降解, 叶绿体空化, 片层排列松散, 且两品种的线粒体较叶绿体早表现出异常, 故推测可能是线粒体结构的损伤进而功能丧失, 最终导致叶绿体结构和功能的破坏,叶片提前衰老。