Oxidation-reduction regimes in some Oxisols of tropical China

The oxidation-reduction regimes of some Oxisols of tropical China were investigated on the basis of the Eh values and the amounts of reducing substances, both measured by newly devised methods. The Eh values in the surface layers of soil profiles under natural forest and commercial forest were 400–550 mV, lower by 100–200 mV than the deeper horizons. The concentrations of reducing substances in the surface layers corresponded to 0.5–5.0 · 10^?5M of Mn²⁺. In the cultivated layer of a submerged paddy soil the concentration of reducing substances was as high as 13·10^?5M, with an Eh value of less than 100 mV. There was a negative correlation between the Eh value and the logarithm of the concentration of reducing substances, showing that the intensity aspect and the capacity aspect of the oxidation-reduction status of a soil are closely interrelated.     

反转旋耕刀滑切角分析与计算

对反转旋耕刀滑切角的分析与计算表明：反转旋耕刀滑切角的意义及方程与正转旋耕刀相同，可以按照统一的方法描述旋耕刀滑切角的特性，并计算其大小。由于工作范围不同，反转旋耕刀滑切角是从大逐渐减小的，其变化规律与正耕刀不同。如果反旋刀入土时不能满足滑切要求，则在整个切土过程中都不满足滑切要求。在切土阶段，反转旋耕刀的动态滑切角大于正转旋耕刀，但由于反转旋耕切草类似于无支承切割以及反旋刀抛土性能差等特点，反转旋耕刀的缠草总是仍然比较突出。     

盐地碱蓬人工栽培与品系选育初报

人工栽培盐地碱蓬及高产品系选育试验研究表明 ,人工栽培盐地碱蓬可提高产量 1～ 2倍 ,且碱蓬产量随土壤盐度的提高而逐渐下降。无灌水条件下采用一定矿化度的盐水过量灌溉 ,可有效提高碱蓬产量。黄河三角洲地区人工栽培碱蓬适宜采收时间为 10月 2 5日左右。选育高产变异碱蓬个体比普通单株产量提高 2～ 3倍。     

槐花中黄酮类物质提取工艺的研究

该文研究了水提法、传统的醇回流法提取槐花总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺,并使用正交试验确定了最佳提取条件。试验结果表明:槐花中总黄酮类物质的最佳提取条件为B2C3A2,即用2倍量40%的乙醇连续回流提取3次(每次2h)     

Stress wavelets: Multi-scale and multi-resolution assessment of soil structure by the drop-shatter method

Stress wavelet properties are inherently involved in the process of the drop-shatter method of assessment on soil structural characteristics. The analogies between wavelet analysis and the drop-shatter process are based on two factors: scale and resolution. By carefully following the requirements of wavelet analysis, a standard procedure of soil fragmentation and sieving is described. Following this procedure, a set of equations can be derived from which surface contacting energy between soil aggregates of a specific scale can be calculated. The resultant values in fact mirror the multi-resolutions of wavelets.

Natural soil clods as well as artificial structured soil cores were used for fragmentation. Though the experiment can do well on natural soil clods, and it is precise enough in predicting structural state of a sub-dimensional clods of 8 mm, its use on artificial soil cores produced a set of data that was quite chaotic. The unique behavior experienced in the process of fragmentation of artificial soil structure indicates that there is no distinct stage between mother soil clods (cores) and its constituent primary particles. Such a state should result from an excessively large impact energy (too low a resolution in the wavelet analysis) for each drop stroke impact.

With an ultimate goal for soil process simulation, the construction of the experiment for artificial structured soil core preparation brings the traditional methods of sample preparation a step forward further by creating an environment much nearer to the field conditions experienced in natural soils. Still, extensive refinements are needed, especially for the mode of water application, cycle and intensity of management.     

Application of quantum dot-antibody conjugates for detection of sulfamethazine residue in chicken muscle tissue

A new indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) method for the detection of sulfamethazine (SM2) in chicken muscle tissue was demonstrated using quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence label coupled with secondary antibody. The sensitivity of the cFLISA was compared with that of the HPLC method. The 50% inhibition value (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the cFLISA were 7.7 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. When SM2 was spiked at levels of 50, 100, and 200 ng/g, recoveries ranged from 80.6% to 117.4%, with a coefficient of variation of 6.9-9.6%. In the incurred sample analysis, the amounts of SM2 quantified by cFLISA were similar to the results obtained by the HPLC method. This study shows that cFLISA could be used as a screening method in practice.     

城乡交错带居民点整理潜力研究--以山西省太原市晋源区为例

居民点整理是缓解城乡交错带耕地压力、优化土地资源配置、理顺用地关系的主要途径之一,而居民点整理潜力评价是居民点整理的一项基础性研究工作.该文以山西省太原市晋源区为例,探讨了城乡交错带居民点整理模式、潜力分析、等级划分以及效益分析等,为城乡交错带居民点整理的潜力评价提供方法借鉴.     

京郊荒滩生态恢复及其植被变化研究--以延庆县为例

在延庆县荒滩中，分别选择人工造林恢复植被2年、11年、封禁恢复植被7年和对照区4个样区，在大量野外调查的基础上，对其物种种类、优势种重要值、物种多样性特征、生活型谱和盖度等指标进行了对比分析。结果表明：荒滩生态恢复过程中，人工植被长势良好，植物种类明显增加，群落物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均比对照区显著提高，植物群落结构从简单逐渐变为复杂；生活型谱组成发生了显著变化，一、二年生草本植物的比例显著降低；植被盖度明显增加。3个生态恢复样区中，尤其是人工造林恢复植被2年的恢复模式效果最显著，可以在京津及其周边地区相似立地条件的地方推广应用。     

参考作物腾发量主成分神经网络预测模型

为解决采用神经网络模型预测参考作物蒸发蒸腾最Eto研究中预测能力不足的问题,将气象因子包括最高、最低和日平均温度、日照时数、气压、水汽压、相对湿度和风速进行主成分分析,提取主成分,建立了基于主成分的三层BP神经网络模型.选取崇川水利科学试验站2001年到2004年的旬气象资料,采用Matlab神经网络工具箱进行模型训练与预测,并以传统BP网络模犁作为对照.结果表明,主成分网络模型能够很好地反映诸多影响因子与Eto之间的关系,尤其对训练样本以外的验证样本,主成分网络模型具有显著优于传统BP网络模型的识别能力,取得更为可靠的预测结果.     

奥利亚罗非鱼促性腺激素释放激素cDNA的克隆及原核表达

促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)是下丘脑分泌产生的神经激素,对脊椎动物生殖的调控起重要作用。本研究通过RT-PCR方法从奥利亚罗非鱼丘脑中扩增出长约400 bp的目的序列GnRH,并将其克隆到T载体中,经酶切鉴定、序列测定分析后表明其与尼罗罗非鱼和乌颊海鲷具有较高的同源性,处于同一个进化分支上;而与日本青、金鱼、拟鲤、壁虎等的同源性较低。将此cDNA片段定向克隆到表达载体pMAL-c2x中构建重组表达质粒pMAL-GnRH,转化到大肠杆菌TB1中,0.3M IPTG诱导4 h后成功表达出与预期大小相符的约56 kD的融合蛋白。表明大肠杆菌表达系统可以成功地体外表达奥利亚罗非鱼GnRH,为进一步制备抗体了解其免疫调节作用奠定基础。