基于SUFI-2算法的SWAT模型在陕西黑河流域径流模拟中的应用

参数率定及敏感性分析是用来提高模型精度,确定模型关键参数及改善模型结构的非常有效的方法。本文基于SUFI-2算法,通过SWAT模型对陕西黑河流域进行了模拟,同时基于SUFI-2算法对模型参数进行了敏感性分析,结果表明：(1) 影响黑河流域径流模拟结果精度的主影响因子是scs径流曲线参数;(2) 用2005年到2011年的实测径流资料对模型进行了率定与验证,模拟确定性系数R²和模型效率系数ENS均高于0.8;(3) 通过SUFI-2算法与SCE-UA算法比较,发现SUFI-2算法所需时间短,精度更高。     

Near and Mid Infrared Spectroscopy to Detect Malolactic Biotransformation of Oenococcus oeni in a Wine-Model

The aim of this work was to verify the potential of infrared （IR） spectroscopy in near and mid regions to detect the beginning of the malolactic fermentation （MLF） occurring in a model-wine and the further cells autolysis. MLF in wine is a secondary biotransformation due to lactic acid bacteria that usually occurs spontaneou,;ly or after starter inoculation at the end of alcoholic fermentation. Nowadays, it is desirable to supply winemakers with a new rapid and non-destructive approach to monitor MLF progress and 1R spectroscopy technology appears to be suitable for this purpose. The transformation of L-malic acid into L-lactic acid was carried out by inoculating a synthetic wine with an Oenococcus oeni culture and it was monitored through microbiological and chemical methods. At the same time, Fourier transform near infrared （FT-NIR） spectral data, in diffusive transflection mode using an optic probe, and FT-IR spectra, using an germanium crystal attenuated total reflectance （ATR） cell, were collected. Principal component analysis of the spectra was able to identify absorption bands related to the key molecular modifications that took place during the L-malic acid transformation. Thus, the samples were discriminated according to the fermentation phase. Although this study is a preliminary approach, results confirm that near infrared （NIR） and mid infrared （MIR） spectroscopy could be successfully applied to detect the start of MLF and the autolysis of the lactic acid bacteria （LAB） cells.     

Identification of the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica

The sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been characterized as gentisyl quinone isovalerate. This cockroach is a major cause of allergic disease and serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens, making it one of the most important residential and food-associated pests worldwide. The sex pheromone-producing gland in adult females was identified in 1993, but thermal instability of the pheromone made characterization difficult. Now, using a new preparative gas chromatography approach coupled with electroantennographic detection, we have isolated and characterized the pheromone, which we term blattellaquinone, and confirmed the identification by chemical synthesis. The synthetic pheromone was active in behavioral assays and highly effective in field trapping tests, which suggest that it may provide a new tool in cockroach population detection, monitoring, and control.     

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病发病规律及影响因子研究

2000～2003年对玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的田间发生消长规律及其主要影响因子进行了研究,明确了田间病残体是玉米弯孢菌叶斑病初侵染来源;播种期、施氮肥量、前茬作物和气象因子都会对该病害的发生程度产生影响;提出了以清除病残体为主,化学防治为辅的综合防治措施。     

景观园林施工设计及绿化养护技术要点分析

无论是景观园林施工还是绿化养护,均是城市环境建设的重要组成部分,与人们的生产生活 息息相关。大多数综合性景观园林施工面临成本难以控制的问题,因其工程量较大、施工周期较长、 周边环境复杂,整个施工过程不可预测的变数较多,施工成本和施工难度居高不下。文章主要就景观 园林施工设计及绿化养护技术要点进行了分析与阐述,意在提高景观园林施工及绿化养护的水平和 质量。     

转轮流动模拟器在原油降凝剂评价中的应用

探讨了用转轮流动模拟器评价原油降凝剂的效果和模拟输油管道输送添加降凝剂含蜡原油的工业性试验的可行性,试验结果表明,用转轮模拟器可以方便地测定了不同加剂量下降摩擦因子和原油视粘度随温度的曲线及管输温度界限等数据。     

基于信息扩散理论的广东大宝山地区土壤重金属污染评价

采用完全组合试验设计,比较了果壳有机肥（NM）、猪粪有机肥（PM）、污泥有机肥（SM）、腐殖土有机肥（HM）和蚯蚓土有机肥（EM）在不同用量下对不同污染程度土壤[外源添加（CH₃COOH）₂Pb溶液]中有效Pb的影响,并探讨了土壤有效Pb变化与Pb形态转化的联系。结果表明,施用有机肥能降低轻度、中度和重度污染土壤中有效Pb的含量,且随着有机肥用量增加降幅增大,其中在中度和重度污染程度土壤中尤为显著。各有机肥中以SM、PM处理的效果最为突出,其土壤有效Pb含量较对照分别降低24.22%~36.10%和19.33%~35.48%。5种有机肥处理土壤有效Pb含量都随时间呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,在培养至10 d达到峰值,此后逐步降低并在60 d后趋于稳定,其变化动态与Pb各形态转化动态具有一致性。经有机肥处理后,轻度污染土壤中,碳酸盐结合态铅（Carb-Pb）含量降低5.36%~12.91%,有机结合态铅（OM-Pb）含量稍有上升,残渣态铅（Res-Pb）含量增加18.92%~45.47%;在中度污染土壤中,Carb-Pb含量稍有下降,Res-Pb含量显著增加24.30%~38.04%;在重度污染土壤中,Carb-Pb含量无显著变化,OMPb和Res-Pb含量都有大幅增加,其增幅分别为14.46%~41.06%和29.02%~56.29%。土壤中Carb-Pb对有效Pb具有显著正向贡献,而OM-Pb和Res-Pb表现为显著的负向贡献。研究表明,有机肥主要通过降低Carb-Pb含量而大幅增加OM-Pb和Res-Pb含量,使得土壤Pb的有效性显著降低。     

基于近红外漫反射光谱的规模化奶牛场粪水氮磷定量分析及模型构建

为建立规模化奶牛场粪水中氮磷含量现场快速检测方法,以实现准确预测的同时替代常规监测程序,选取23家天津市典型种养结合模式的规模化奶牛场,围绕粪水处理全过程环节依次开展样品采集、实验室常规化学检测、近红外漫反射光谱采集,并进行主成分分析和偏最小二乘分析,建立多种动态复合影响因素条件下的全局、全程快速检测定量分析模型。结果表明:主成分分析不仅反映出同一奶牛场粪水有机组分随处理环节的变化,而且也反映出不同奶牛场粪水样品的差异性,以及在粪水处理过程中各因素对后续模型的影响程度。建立的全过程环节定量分析模型对总氮含量预测结果与实际含量的线性拟合相关系数R为0.96,预测均方根误差RMSEP为187.80;对总磷含量预测结果与实际含量的线性拟合相关系数R为0.91,预测均方根误差RMSEP为3.59。建立的全局定量分析模型对总氮含量预测结果与实际含量的线性拟合相关系数R为0.96,预测均方根误差RMSEP为238.59;总磷含量预测结果与实际含量的线性拟合相关系数R为0.91,预测均方根误差RMSEP为6.56。研究表明,基于近红外漫反射光谱和偏最小二乘法对规模化奶牛场粪水处理全过程环节粪水样品中氮、磷含量进行定量分析是可行的;纵向模型比横向模型能提供更好的预测结果;近红外漫反射光谱技术可实时、快速、高效地对规模化奶牛场粪水处理全过程总氮和总磷进行跟踪和监控。     

Amantadine: neuromuscular blockade by suppression of ionic conductance of the acetylcholine receptor

Amantadine hydrochloride decreases the sensitivity of denervated mammalian muscle to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine. The drug depresses the amplitude of the end-plate current and reverses the slope of the relation between half-decay time and membrane potential suggesting that it alters the ionic conductance that is mediated by the acetylcholine receptor. Binding studies confirm that amantadine acts on the ion conductance modulator rather than the acetylcholine receptor.     

Induced Effects of Exogenous Phenolic Acids on Allelopathy of a Wild Rice Accession (Oryza longistaminata, S37)

Four exogenous phenolic acids,including salicylic acid,fumalic acid,p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzonic acid,were used to investigate the regulatory effects on allelopathy of a wild rice accession of S37(Oryza longistaminata),which is a known allelopathic rice.The four exogenous phenolic acids induced the enhancement of the allelopathic potential of wild rice S37 in target weeds though the weed-suppressive activities were low,and the inducible effects were dependent on the specific phenolic acid,concentra...