CpG-ODN enhances mammary gland defense during mastitis induced by Escherichia coli infection in goats

Seven healthy native goats in early lactation, weighing 30–40 kg, were used in this study. The right mammary gland of the seven does were infused with CpG-ODN at a dosage of 100 μg kg⁻¹ body weight on the day 5 postpartum (PP). The left glands were used as controls and infused with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). On day 8 PP, the same dosage of CpG-ODN or PBS was again infused. On day 9 PP, the mammary glands (both right and left) of the seven does were infused with 6 × 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU) Escherichia coli and, at 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h postinfection (PI), milk samples were collected from all glands. Goats were euthanized at 72 h PI and the mammary tissue harvested. Infusion with 6 × 10⁶ CFU ml⁻¹ E. coli induced acute mastitis. Histopathological evaluations showed that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were still present in alveoli at 72 h PI, but PMNs in the CpG-ODN-treated glands has disappeared. Bacteria counts in milk peaked at 16 h PI and CpG-ODN induced a significant decrease in viable bacteria from 16 h PI until the end of the experiment. This study showed that CpG-ODN promoted the expression of its specific receptor (TLR-9 mRNA) in mammary tissue, stimulated IL-6 production, reduced bacteria counts in milk, attenuated the impact of inflammation mediators on cells and significantly shortened the inflammation course. These results suggest that the CpG-ODN improved mammary gland defense and, thereby, had a beneficial effects against mastitis caused by E. coli infection in goats.     

猪的行为特征探讨与饲养管理的改善

猪的行为是猪的本质特征的外在表现，在很大程度上影响着养猪工艺的发展和养猪业的效益。本文概括的分析了猪一般的行为特点和在饲养管理过程中的利用与改善措施。并对相关遗传特征进行了探讨。随着人们对猪的行为性状重要性认识的不断深入，猪的行为特征将在科学和生产过程中得到更加广泛的利用。     

鸭新城疫病毒和鸭圆环病毒二重PCR检测方法的建立

本研究根据GenBank中鸭新城疫病毒(NDV)的F基因和鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)的V1/rep基因的保守序列,各设计一对特异性引物,并对二重PCR的扩增条件进行优化,建立了鸭NDV和DuCV的二重PCR检测方法。对混合样品进行扩增,得到2条大小为493bp(鸭NDV)和218bp(DuCV)的特异性条带,与预扩增片段相符。而对番鸭细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鸭肝炎病毒、鸭源小鹅瘟病毒、鸭H9亚型流感病毒、鸭疫里氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等病原检测,结果为阴性。该方法的敏感性试验表明,鸭NDV的核酸最小量为40fg,DuCV为20fg。     

肌肉糖原代谢调控对猪肉品质的影响

肌肉糖原酵解潜能对肌肉品质有比较重要的影响,国内外学者对此做了大量的研究工作,本文从糖酵解潜能与肌肉品质的关系、影响糖原代谢的因素及通过糖酵解途径提高肌肉品质等方面进行综述,为探讨糖原代谢规律及未来实现优质风味猪肉的选育与营养调控提供重要理论依据。同时也为人类运动生理学及糖原代谢相关疾病的理论研究具有借鉴意义。     

红肉脐橙果肉中主要色素的定性及色素含量的变化

 运用薄层层析法及二极管阵列检测器与高效液相色谱联用的方法, 确定红肉脐橙果肉中含有番茄红素和β- 胡萝卜素两种主要色素, 它们在液相色谱图中占总峰面积(计溶剂峰) 的73. 57 %～77. 78 % , 番茄红素占55. 36 %～58. 49 % , β- 胡萝卜素占18. 21 %～19. 93 %。利用反相高效液相色谱仪以及番茄红素和β- 胡萝卜素标样制作标准曲线, 测定果实发育及室温贮存过程中色素的变化动态, 结果表明, 该脐橙果肉中的番茄红素在成熟期含量最高, 达109. 67μg·g^-1DM, β- 胡萝卜素此时也达到最高值(15. 52μg·g^-1DM) ; 番茄红素的含量在采收后基本呈下降趋势(但采后30 d 有显著升高) , 说明果肉中存在类胡萝卜素采后合成的现象; 贮存4 个月后, 番茄红素含量急剧降低至最高时的1/ 10。     

Nitrification potential of marsh soils from two natural saline–alkaline wetlands

Few studies have been carried out on nitrification potential of marsh soils in natural saline wetlands with high alkalinity. The nitrification potentials of a closed wetland and an open wetland were monitored by an aerobic incubation at 25°C for 28 days. The relative nitrification index ( RNI,\frac\textNO₃^- \text - NNO₃^- - N + NH₄⁺ - N ) \left( {{\hbox{RNI,}}\frac{{{\text{NO}}_3^{-} {\text{ - N}}}}{{{\hbox{NO}}_3^{-} {\hbox{ - N}} + {\hbox{NH}}_4^{+} {\hbox{ - N}}}}} \right) rapidly increased with time in both wetlands and decreased with depth in soil profiles in both wetlands within the first 21 days. Nitrification proceeded much faster in the closed wetland than in the open wetland. The higher rate of nitrogen removal in closed wetlands than open wetland was probably due to the fast nitrification followed by denitrification or leaching loss.     

温度对发草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了探讨发草种子的萌发特性,研究了不同恒温和变温对发草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,发草种子的千粒质量为0.274 g。较高温度有利于发草种子萌发,较低温度萌发速率较慢。25/15℃变温条件下发芽率最高可达98%,为发草种子最适宜萌发温度;10℃下发芽率最低,为61%。发草种子标准发芽试验初次和末次统计时间分别为第7 d和15 d;25℃条件下芽长最长为2.63 cm;25/15℃条件下根长最长,达到1.29 cm;30/5℃条件下的芽长、根长最短,分别为0.31 cm和0.25 cm。     

我国执业兽医资格考试现状

我国执业兽医准入制度已经建立,但执业兽医体系建设才刚刚开始。通过对全国执业兽医资格考试情况的分析,建议从三个方面加快建设：一是通过立法保障执业兽医社会职责的发挥及应有社会地位的获得;二是提高我国执业兽医的本科教育及继续教育水平,建立教育机构评估机制;三是完善执业兽医配套岗位和工作制度,通过行业协会更好地规范执业行为,加快与国际接轨的步伐。     

小型西瓜新品种黑妃子的选育

黑妃子是以F9606为母本,W2005为父本配制而成的早熟、抗病、黑皮小型西瓜新品种,全生育期80~85d(天),果实发育期28~30d(天);果实长椭圆形,果面光滑,外形圆整,果形指数1.7,平均单果质量3.7kg;果皮墨绿色覆不明显深墨绿锯齿状条带,皮厚0.7cm,坚韧;瓜瓤深红色,瓤质细脆,中心可溶性固形物含量13%,中边梯度小,每667m2产量3000kg左右,适宜海南、广东、广西、福建、江西、安徽、山东等地种植。     

奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌及其分离鉴定方法研究进展

导致奶牛乳房炎的因素很多,但病原微生物是导致乳房炎的最主要病因.了解奶牛乳房炎病原菌及其分离鉴定方法,对于乳房炎的预防和治疗以及疫苗的研制均有非常重要的指导作用.文章就奶牛乳房炎病菌种类、特点及分离鉴定方法的研究进行了综述,为奶牛乳房炎的预防、治疗提供可靠的依据.