1株H5N1亚型高致病力禽流感病毒人工感染鸭的抗原定位观察

通过对鸭静脉接种或眼-鼻-口腔-泄殖腔接种禽流感病毒A/duck/Guangdong/220/2004(H5N1)后,采用免疫组织化学方法检查病毒核蛋白抗原,探讨了该病毒在组织器官中的定位与分布.结果表明,病毒核蛋白抗原主要存在于鸭的心肌细胞、肝细胞、枯否氏细胞、胰腺泡上皮细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞和血液吞噬性自细胞;在气管和支气管黏膜上皮,脑组织,肠黏膜上皮,胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏和肺脏的巨噬细胞或组织细胞以及坏死的细胞碎片中也可检查到少量病毒核蛋白抗原;而在食管、胃、睾丸、卵巢、甲状腺、肾上腺、哈德氏腺、骨骼肌等未检查到该抗原.     

The Effect of Occlusive and Semi-Occlusive Dressings on the Healing of Acute Full-Thickness Skin Wounds on the Forelimbs of Dogs

This project compared the effects of hydrocolloid (HC) and hydrogel (HG) occlusive dressings and a polyethylene (PE) semi-occlusive dressing on the healing of acute full-thickness skin wounds on the forelimbs of 10 dogs. All treatments resulted in a similar degree of healing at postoperative days 4 and 7. No significant differences existed in the number of wounds that were more than 90% healed at postoperative day 28 between the group treated with the HG dressing and the group treated with the PE dressing. There were significantly fewer wounds more than 90% healed at postoperative day 28 in the group treated with the HC dressing. Wounds under the HG dressing had the largest mean percentage of contraction at postoperative days 21 and 28. Wounds under the HG dressing also had the largest contraction/re-epithelialization ratio (postoperative days 21 and 28) compared with wounds under the PE and HC dressings. Wounds under the PE dressing had a significantly higher mean percentage of re-epithelialization than wounds under both occlusive dressings on postoperative days 14, 21, and 28. Wounds under the two occlusive dressings had exuberant granulation tissue present more often than wounds under the PE dressing. The two occlusive dressings had significantly higher bacterial counts on wounds compared with wounds under the PE dressing; analysis of variance (ANOVA), P = .0008. Wounds under the HC dressing showed the poorest healing in all parameters.     

温性典型草原羊草光合特性对模拟放牧因素分解的响应

放牧是一种复合胁迫,包括采食、践踏、粪尿返还等因素。为明晰放牧对草原影响的过程与机制,通过刈割、人工模拟踩踏、人工粪尿添加来模拟家畜放牧过程,以羊草为例,研究了株高、盖度、干重以及羊草叶片的光合特性对放牧分解因子的响应。结果表明,采食及包含采食因子的处理显著降低了羊草的盖度、高度及干重,但提升了羊草叶片的净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）,降低了羊草叶片的水分利用效率（WUE）。羊草株高与羊草叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率显著负相关,与水分利用效率显著正相关;土壤含水量与气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率显著正相关。相对而言,践踏和粪便以及它们的交互作用对羊草的影响比采食弱。综合可得,家畜的采食是放牧对温性典型草原羊草光合特性影响的主要因子。     

退化高寒草地浅层土壤理化性质Meta分析

青藏高原生态地位显著,草地退化影响区域生态安全,针对退化高寒草地土壤理化性质的研究众多但结果存在较大异质性。通过检索纳入79篇与退化高寒草地土壤理化性质相关的文献,采用整合分析方法用于定量述评不同退化程度高寒草地浅层土壤主要理化性质的效应及变化规律。结果表明：高寒草甸0～10 cm、10～20 cm土层内随着退化加剧土壤容重、pH上升,土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾下降;高寒草原0～10 cm、10～20 cm土层内随退化加剧,土壤容重上升,pH、含水量、有机碳、速效钾下降。总体反映出不同退化程度对高寒草地土壤主要理化性质产生较大负面影响,研究结果可为青藏高原高寒草地生态保护提供依据。     

天峻县草地地上生物量遥感监测模型

【目的】快速、准确和大范围地对天峻县草地地上生物量（Above-Ground Biomass,AGB ）进行监测。【方法】利用天峻县 Landsat 8 OLI 遥感图像数据和同期 43 处样点实测生物量数据,分别建立了归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）、土壤调节植被指数（Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index,SAVI）、修改型土壤调节植被指数（Modified Soil - Adjusted Vegetation - Index, MSAVI）、比值植被指数（Ratio Vegetation Index,RVI）与草地地上生物量的遥感统计模型,分析遥感植被指数与草地地上生物量之间的相关性。【结果】天峻县遥感植被指数与草地地上生物量之间存在较好的相关性,但不同的统计模型的拟合效果不同;由 4 个自变量建立的多元线性回归模型的比一元线性回归模型有更好的拟合效果;遥感植被指数与草地地上生物量建立的三次项回归模型在拟合精度上较一元线性和多元线性高,为 y=116. 12x³ –898. 48x² +1 672. 1x–1 003. 4。【结论】 RVI 与草地地上生物量三次项模型适用于监测天峻县地区的草地地上生物量。     

鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶1基因的结构和功能

鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶1(OAZ1)基因可通过特殊的+1移码机制翻译全长的功能蛋白。研究发现,OAZ1能与鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)结合并降解ODC,负调控细胞内多胺的水平;OAZ1还能降解Cyclin D1、Cyclin E1和Smad1周期蛋白,阻滞细胞周期;此外,近年来研究表明,OAZ1还具有抗肿瘤效应和调控动物繁殖的功能。抗酶抑制因子能竞争性结合ODC-OAZ1复合体中的OAZ1,从而阻止ODC降解;天门冬酰胺也能通过抑制OAZ1的翻译来调节ODC的活性。本文就OAZ1基因结构和功能的研究现状作一综述。     

Bad基因在黄体期绵羊生殖器官中表达的比较研究

以黄体期小尾寒羊和萨福克羊为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学技术,针对Bad基因在母羊生殖器官卵巢,输卵管和子宫中的表达与定位进行初步研究,在卵巢中Bad基因均在多数黄体细胞中表达;在输卵管宫管结合部、峡部和壶腹部的分泌细胞Bad基因均有不同程度的表达,未发现纤毛细胞Bad阳性细胞;子宫内膜腺体小泡表达Bad阳性,子宫内膜子叶、基质的阳性细胞数极少,阳性细胞呈轻度着色,显弱阳性.利用计算机图像分析技术测量小尾寒羊和萨福克羊Bad基因表达的阳性细胞率和平均光密度,Bad基因在这两种绵羊组织中的表达规律大体相似,也存在一些明显的差异:萨福克羊的黄体细胞较小尾寒羊中的细胞凋亡更明显,萨福克羊输卵管伞部和壶腹部上皮Bad阳性细胞率均高于小尾寒羊,小尾寒羊子宫内膜子叶和基质Bad阳性细胞率和平均先密度均显著高于萨福克(P＜0.01).结果表明,小尾寒羊和萨福克羊生殖器官中细胞凋亡的差异与Bad基因表达的差异,可能是造成两者繁殖力高低差异的基础.     

膜上不同覆土厚度对岩石生长和产量的影响

采取随机区组排列的方式,设置2个不同覆土厚度处理,对岩石进行生长高度、产草量、茎叶比、粗蛋白含量等指标测定,结果表明:覆土厚度1cm时,生长高度和鲜草产量显著高于覆土0.5cm和覆土0cm时的生长高度和鲜草产量;覆土厚度1cm时,岩石在鲜干比、茎叶比、粗蛋白含量等品质方面也表现较好。综合评价膜上穴播苜蓿最适宜的覆土厚度为1cm。     

Palmar Digital Neurectomy in Horses 57 Cases (1984–1990)

The medical records of 57 horses that had palmar digital neurectomy performed between 1984 and 1990 were reviewed. Neurectomies were performed either by transection and elec-trocoagulation (47 horses) or by the guillotine technique (10 horses). Middle-aged geldings, Quarter Horses, and Thoroughbreds were significantly over-represented when compared with the hospital population. Horses used as hunter/jumpers also appeared to be over-represented. Complications occurred in 17 (34%) of the 50 horses for which follow-up information was obtained. Recurrence of heel pain was the most common complication (14 horses). Palpable painful neuromas were detected in three horses. One year after neurectomy, 74% of the horses were sound; this decreased to 63% after 2 years.