国内甘薯机械移栽技术发展动态

甘薯机械化移栽技术发展严重滞后已成为制约甘薯现代化生产的主要技术瓶颈。在对国内外甘薯机械移栽技术发展现状阐述、分析基础上,初步提出国内甘薯移栽机械的技术发展方向:农机农艺融合提高移栽效率、裸苗移栽优先、重视钵苗移栽、多种栽插形式并存、先栽后浇分段作业等。     

基于无线传感器网络的水质监测系统研究

针对国内外水质环境研究中水质样品异地监测分析存在的巨大缺陷,研究了水质自动监测系统。文章介绍了基于无线通讯传感器网络的简易水质自动监测系统,实现水质数据自动采集和实时上传,可以实现对钱塘江源头水质（衢州水质）进行更好的监测及保护。     

Transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with different nozzle arrangements on high-temperature flat plate in small jet-to-plate distance

Numerical studies on transient heat transfer characteristics of air-array-jet impingement with a small jet-to-plate distance and a large temperature difference between nozzles and plate were presented.The dimensionless jet-to-plate distance(H/D)was 0.2,and non-dimensional nozzle-to-nozzle spacing(S/D)was 3,4,5 and 6,respectively.It is found that the quenching time is shortened at a constant total mass flow at air jet inlet m·(m·=218.21 kg/h),and the heat transfer uniformity is deterio-rated as S/D increases.However,the adding reversed-flow nozzles can shorten the quenching time of the glass plate considerably with a modest change in the heat transfer uniformity.The results at variable m·are the same as those at a fixed m·.Furthermore,the parity and arrangement of nozzles are also discussed,It is found that an odd number of nozzles is more beneficial for transient heat transfer.Based on these results,an appropriate proposal for ultra-thin glass tempering process is presented.     

氨基修饰二氧化硅对Cr^3+和直接桃红B12的吸附

该试验以硅烷偶联剂KH-550为改性剂,乙醇为溶剂合成氨基二氧化硅。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子吸收光谱、可见分光光度法对改性前后SiO 2进行表征,研究其对铬离子及染料直接桃红B12的吸附情况。结果表明:25℃恒温振荡20 min,改性SiO 2吸附重金属离子Cr^3+效果明显,当其用量为0.04 g时,吸附率达99.01%,而相同条件下未改性SiO 2对Cr^3+吸附率只有25.13%;将其用于染料直接桃红B12的吸附,改性后SiO 2吸附率达91.97%,相同条件下未改性SiO 2的吸附率仅为34.23%。     

太阳能暗管排水对银北灌区油葵土壤环境及产量影响

针对土壤盐渍化严重影响了宁夏银北灌区土壤环境和作物产量的问题,通过太阳能暗管排水区和非暗管排水区对比试验方法,着重研究了2017和2018两年太阳能暗管长时间持续排水对土壤环境和油葵产量的影响。结果表明:太阳能暗管排水可以有效改善土壤环境,使两年的地下水平均埋深分别增加4.5%和6.4%,地下水平均矿化度分别降低7.9%和9.0%,两年土壤平均脱盐率分别为4.7%和8.2%,对表层土壤的脱盐效果最为明显。同时提高了油葵产量和水分生产效率,两年油葵产量分别提高13.8%和21.6%,灌溉水分生产效率分别增加13.3%和21.8%,作物水分生产效率分别增加16.4%和22.9%。综合试验结果和经济成本考虑,油葵生育期灌水2次、播前灌水1次、冬灌1次,生育期5-9月持续排水,这是适宜惠农当地太阳能暗管排水条件下油葵的灌排制度。     

深根茎中药材收获机夹持带转速自动控制系统

我国现有的深根茎中药材收获机械简易,工作效率低,作业质量差,成为中药材种植业发展的一个瓶颈。为此,以AT89 C52单片机为控制核心,以开关传感器为检测手段,结合自动控制原理设计了深根茎中药材收获机夹持带转速自动调节系统。该系统能使夹持带转速实时跟踪机器作业速度变化,从而大大提高了药材的收获效率,降低了药材损失率和破损率。室内土槽试验表明,此控制系统达到了预期设计要求。     

基于模糊聚类分析的草莓图像分割方法研究

为改善草莓采摘机器视觉系统中果实图像的分割效果,对普通均值聚类的分割方法理论进行分析,针对草莓果实图像的特点将模糊-均值聚类算法引入分割算法,大大改善草莓果实图像的分割效果。     

基于道路自动识别ABS模糊控制系统的研究

道路状况自动识别是保证车辆防抱制动系统（ABS）正常工作的前提，本文提根据制动压力，滑移率和车轮减速度进行道路自动识别的方法，并依此设计了ABS模糊控制器，结合7自由度车辆模型，考虑悬架和轮胎的非线性影响，对单一附着系数路变附着系数路面进行了ABS制动模拟试验，试验结果表明，基于路面自动识别ABS模糊控制系统能准确判断出路面状况的变化，据此调整控制策略，使车辆获得最大地面制动力和较好的横向稳定性，对比试验证明它优于传统PID控制，且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

A mathematical model for border irrigation II. Vertical and horizontal recession phases

Summary This paper, second in a series of three, develops a mathematical model, using the volume balance approach, to simulate vertical and horizontal recession of border irrigation. An equation is proposed for computing Manning's roughness factor N in both laminar and transitional flow regimes in recession phases. The model has four parameters which can be determined experimentally. Experimental data from ten vegetated as well as nonvegetated borders were used to verify the model. Average difference (AD) between calculated and observed vertical recession times was less than 4.4 min, and between calculated and observed horizontal recession times less than 4.6 min for the ten experimental data sets. Average relative error (ARE) in computed horizontal recession was less than 13% for these data sets. The model was found to be especially accurate for Reynold's number between 1,800 and 2,500.     

铲筛组合式花生分段收获机的设计与试验

针对我国现有花生分段收获机械化程度低、动力消耗大及工作稳定性差等问题,研究设计了一种铲筛组合式花生分段收获机。该机将花生的挖掘工序和分离工序合二为一,可一次完成挖掘、去土、送秧等工序,采用曲柄摇杆机构驱动分离筛振动,实现了两侧机构等角度、同方向摆动,减小机身侧向力。田间试验测试表明:收获机挖掘深度平均为143mm,落果率平均为0.21%,破损率平均为0.33%,果秧含土率平均为0.31%,耗油量平均为712g/kW·h。