香蕉中噻唑膦残留分析方法研究

建立香蕉中噻唑膦的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)残留测定方法。香蕉样品采用乙腈提取和PSA+C18分散固相萃取,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应模式(MRM)进行分析测定。噻唑膦在添加水平0.01~1.0 mg/kg范围内,平均回收率为94.3%~107.5%,相对标准偏差为7.9%~11.0%。采用外标法定量,方法的检出限为0.001μg/m L,定量限为0.005 mg/kg。该方法简单、准确、重复性较好且节省溶剂,适用于香蕉中噻唑膦的残留检测。     

河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系构建

为了构建科学合理、可操作性强的河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系,于2011－2015年在河北省沧州植棉区开展了棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术研究,包括色板诱杀、性信息素、频振式杀虫灯和高效生物农药应用等,并逐步构建了针对棉田绿盲蝽的绿色防控技术体系。根据相关研究发现,该绿色防控技术对棉田绿盲蝽有较好的防治效果,与常规防治区相比,减药控害成果显著。     

2016年我国审定的水稻品种及基本特性分析

分析了2016年我国水稻品种的审定情况及通过省级以上审定水稻品种的基本特性.结果表明,2016年我国通过省级以上审定的水稻品种共有492个次(有13个品种通过两个及以上省份审定),其中,籼型常规稻36个、籼型两系杂交稻137个、籼型三系杂交稻166个、粳型常规稻87个、粳型杂交稻25个(其中19个为籼粳杂交稻)、 不育系41个.区试平均产量籼型常规稻为501.36 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产3.86%;籼型两系杂交稻为592.54 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产5.46%;籼型三系杂交稻为552.96 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产5.16%;粳型常规稻为624.94 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产7.48%;粳型杂交稻为651.96 kg/667 m2,比区试对照增产8.91%.品种品质表现是粳稻好于籼稻,常规稻好于杂交稻,优质达标率粳稻为51.79%、籼稻为43.95%,常规稻为56.91%、杂交水稻为41.77%.并列举了一些对单个病害抗性表现较好的品种.     

Comparative energy and economic analyses of conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods of rice production in Thai Nguyen Province,Vietnam

The consumption of energy inputs in agricultural production has been increasing rapidly during the past decades. However, given the limitations and costs of non-renewable energy, increasing production while using the least energy possible has become a major concern of most nations. Prompted by this concern, we conducted a face-to-face survey of 90 farming households in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, to find out how energy is being used in agriculture and, specifically, in their rice production. Through analysis of energy input–output balances, combined with economic efficiency analysis, a comparison was made of conventional and SRI methods of rice production. The study found that applying the SRI method can save around 23% of energy inputs, while increasing energy outputs by 11%. Economic benefits per hectare also rise by more than 8 million dong (USD 364) compared to those under the conventional cultivation system. The study also showed conflicts between the energy and economic balances for manual compared with machine ploughing operations. This study contributes to providing an overview of energy consumption in rice cultivation at the household level. Its findings can help stakeholders to assess current policies and make better decisions on the uses of energy in agricultural production. In addition, the comprehensive approach taken here to analysing energy use and efficiency could expand the analysis and comparison of energy uses at sectoral or activity level—still a new field in Vietnam and many other countries.     

青海野生西藏沙棘果渣黄酮的提取工艺

以青海野生西藏沙棘果实为试材,采用乙醇浸提法,设计单因素试验和正交实验,研究了料液比、提取时间、提取温度、乙醇浓度4个提取参数对总黄酮得率的影响,优化了提取工艺。结果表明:提取黄酮的最佳工艺为料液比1∶60g·mL~(-1)、提取温度65℃、65%乙醇、提取2.0h,对最佳工艺进行验证试验,总黄酮得率达到1.72%。4个因素中提取温度对提取效果影响最大,其次是乙醇浓度,提取时间和料液比对试验无影响。正交实验和验证试验优化了总黄酮提取工艺,该工艺提取率高,操作简便,无毒害,具有可信度。     

6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病的防效试验

采用6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病进行田间药效试验。3次药后试验结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油效果最好,防效在73%以上;10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和25%溴菌腈可湿性粉剂防效次之,防效在67%以上;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防效较差,防效为50%左右。药剂处理后,50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油和对照,中心可溶性固形物含量分别为11.8%、12.0%、9.8%;两种药剂比对照分别增产30.96%、28.26%,增产效果显著。因此,推荐50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油为目前防治西瓜炭疽病的理想药剂。     

贵阳市马铃薯耕层土壤养分丰缺指标建立初探

通过开阳县、修文县、息烽县在测土配方施肥项目中开展22组"3414"的肥效试验,了解氮、磷、钾缺素区马铃薯相对产量与土壤氮磷钾养分含量之间的相关关系,拟合对数方程,初步探索建立贵阳市马铃薯土壤养分丰缺指标。结果表明,以极缺乏、缺乏、适宜、最适宜、丰富、极丰富6级划分标准,马铃薯土壤有效氮丰缺指标为小于42 mg/kg、42~59 mg/kg、59~84mg/kg、84~118 mg/kg、118~168 mg/kg、大于168 mg/kg,有效磷丰缺指标为小于11 mg/kg、11~19 mg/kg、19~35 mg/kg、35~49 mg/kg、49~66 mg/kg、大于66 mg/kg,速效钾丰缺指标为小于22 mg/kg、22~43 mg/kg、43~83 mg/kg、83~192 mg/kg、192~219 mg/kg、大于219 mg/kg,均高于第次土壤普查分级标准,氮肥施用对马铃薯的增产效果优于磷肥和钾肥。     

Spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture in a fixed dune at the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang,China

Soil moisture is critical for vegetation growth in deserts. However, detailed dataregarding the soil moisture distribution in space and time in the Gurbantunggut Desert have not yet been reported. In this study, we conducted a series ofinsitu observation experiments in a fixed sand dune at the southern edge of the GurbantunggutDesert from February 2014 to October 2016, to explore the spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture content, investigate the impact of Haloxylonammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bungeon soil moisture content in its root zone, and examine the factors influencing the soil moisture spatial pattern. One-way analysis of variance,least significant difference testsand correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the soil moisture content exhibited annual periodicity and the temporal variation of soil moisture content throughout a year could be divided into three periods, namely, a moisture-gaining period, a moisture-losing period and a moisture-stable period.According to the temporal and spatial variability, the 0-400 cm soil profile could be divided into two layers: an active layer with moderate variability and a stable layer with weak variability.The temporal variability was larger than the spatial variability in the active layer,and the mean profile soil moisture content at different slope positions displayed the trend of decreasing with increasing relative heightand mainly followed the order of interdunearea>westand east slopes>slope top.The mean profile soil moisture content in the root zone of dead H. ammodendronindividuals was significantly higher than that in the root zones of adult and young individuals, while the soil moisture content in the root zone of adult individuals was slightly higher than that in the root zone of young individuals with no significant difference.The spatial pattern of soil moisture was attributable to the combined effects of snowfall, vegetation and soil texture, whereas the effects of rainfall and evaporation were not significant. The findings may offer a foundation for the management of sandy soil moisture and vegetation restoration in arid areas.     

会计高等教育的改革趋势与路径

在当前社会发展的大背景下,我国高等教育发展越来越快速,而且在教育的过程中,会计专业也成为了一个重点专业.文章主要分析了会计专业的改革趋势和具体路径,总结了当前我国高等教育教学中,会计教育如何把握时代的脉搏,做好改革工作,提出了一些具体的方法和思路,供参考和借鉴.