Effect of soil matric potential on tomato yield and water use under drip irrigation condition

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil matric potential (SMP) on tomato yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under drip irrigation condition in North China Plain. The experiment included five treatments, which controlled SMP at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter higher than −10 (S1), −20 (S2), −30 (S3), −40 (S4) and −50 kPa (S5), respectively, after tomato plant establishment. The results showed that different SMP affected irrigation amount and tomato ET. Irrigation amount decreased from 185 mm (S1) to 83.6 mm (S5) in 2004, and from 165 mm (S1) to 109 mm (S5) in 2005, respectively. The ET decreased from 270 mm (S1) to 202 mm (S5) in both years. However, it was found that SMP did not affect the tomato yield significantly, for the range of SMP investigated. Both WUE and IWUE increased as SMP decreased. The maximum WUE (253 and 217 kg/ha mm) and IWUE (620 and 406 kg/ha mm) were for S5 in 2 years, whereas the minimum WUE (178 and 155 kg/ha mm) and IWUE 261 and 259 kg/ha mm) were for S1 in 2004 and 2005. Based on the above results, therefore, it is recommended that if the tomatoes are well irrigated (SMP is higher than −20 kPa) during establishment, controlling SMP higher than −50 kPa at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter can be used as an indicator for drip irrigation scheduling during following period of tomato growth in North China Plain.     

离心泵叶轮内变工况三维湍流数值模拟

采用工程上广泛使用的标准k—ε两方程湍流模型，对离心泵最佳工况和大流量工况、小流量工况进行了叶轮内部流动的数值模拟，对3种工况下叶轮内的相对流动、径向流动及切向流动进行了分析，探讨了轴向旋涡的特征、叶片流道的挟持约束作用、叶片流道内的压力分布与流量的关系等流动特性。     

苹果汁中展青霉素的去除动力学与热力学研究

利用Langmuir、Freundlich及Temkin吸附等温模型对LSA-800B型树脂吸附苹果汁中展青霉素的等温线数据进行拟合,确定较佳吸附模型,并且对吸附过程的热力学性质进行研究。此外,利用Lagergren拟一级、Mc Kay拟二级吸附速率模型和Weber-Morris颗粒内扩散模型对LSA-800B型树脂吸附苹果汁中展青霉素的静态吸附过程进行分析,确定较佳的吸附速率模型及吸附机理。结果表明:LSA-800B型树脂吸附苹果汁中展青霉素符合Freundlich吸附等温模型;吸附自由能变量ΔG0,证明LSA-800B型树脂对展青霉素的吸附是自发的物理过程;吸附焓变量ΔH0,说明吸附过程是放热过程,温度降低有利于展青霉素的吸附;吸附熵变量ΔS0,说明水分子不易对被吸附的展青霉素进行解析,解析过程需要其他溶剂;Lagergren拟一级吸附速率模型适合描述吸附过程的动力学,WeberMorris颗粒内扩散模型揭示其吸附过程由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制。     

Water status response of corn and cotton to altered irrigation

Water is a primary limiting factor to crop production and thus crop water status is essential information for management decisions. Corn and cotton were grown in the field under two constant water regimes. The low water level (WL) was 0.662PET (potential evapotranspiration) in corn and rainfall for cotton. The high water level (WH) was 1.02PET for both crops. Two transient water treatments in each crop began as the two constant water level treatments but then the water inputs were reversed and the change in water status was monitored. When the transient water treatments were initiated, corn was at the V14 and V16 growth stages in the WL and WH treatments, respectively, and cotton was 2 weeks past first bloom for both water levels. The purpose of the experiment was to compare the sensitivity of leaf water potential (LWP) and crop canopy temperature to changes in irrigation rate. The transient water treatment of each crop that relieved water stress (TLH) changed from WL to WH and the treatment which induced water stress changed from WH to WL (THL). The LWP values of the transient water treatments reversed 5 and 8 days after reversing water input rates to corn in 1998 and 1999, respectively, and after 3 days in both years for cotton. A reversal in canopy temperatures, expressed as the amount of daily time that the temperature was above 28°C (DST), was not detected between the TLH and THL treatments of corn after 25 days in 1998 or after 13 days in 1999. The DST values of the cotton transient water treatments reversed after 4 days in 1998 and 5 days in 1999, when the values of THL became greater than for TLH. Corn tassels, which apparently transpire less than leaves, were forming at the beginning of the transient water treatments and their presence in the view of the infrared thermocouples may have reduced the apparent radiometric temperature difference between the transient water treatments. During the water status adjustment period following the initiation of the transient water treatments, there were significant linear relationships between LWP and DST in cotton in both years but only in 1998 in corn. Cotton canopy temperature could be used to rapidly monitor an entire field in contrast to LWP which accurately measures plant water status but cannot provide automated measurements across a large area.     

多孔管的变径设计

要保证孔口压力差不超过允许范围条件下，一条多孔管可由两种管径不同的管段组成，即采用变径法设计。本文考虑了影响多孔管沿程压力的因素，导出了各种地形坡度下变径设计计算公式。这一方法可供喷灌及微灌工程设计参考。     

岩溶地区生态环境可持续发展的生态足迹分析

本文以西南岩溶地区清镇市为例,采用生态足迹的理论和模型对2005年清镇市区域生态足迹状况进行了测算和分析,并与不同区域进行比较。结果表明:①清镇市2005年的人均生态足迹为2.5440hm2,超过了它的人均生态承载力;②清镇市2005年人均生态赤字为2.1240hm2,表明清镇市处于一种不可持续的发展状态;③清镇市2005年万元GDP生态足迹为2.8139hm2,高于中国西部的平均水平,资源利用为粗放消耗型。针对清镇市生态赤字的状况,提出了缓解该市生态压力、提高生态承载力的建议。     

多孔管沿程压力分析

针对目前多孔管沿程水头损失计算方法存在的问题,推导出了一个新的多孔管沿程水头损失近似计算公式。利用导出的公式,分析了多孔管沿程的压力变化,这无论是对喷、滴灌工程的规划设计,还是对多孔管水力特性的进一步研究都是有益的。     

草莓根腐病病原菌分离与鉴定

为了有效防控草莓根腐病,采用组织分离法,对徐州地区草莓根腐病病原菌进行分离与鉴定,分离、纯化后获取了5个真菌菌株,经形态学与分子生物学碱基序列测定结果比对发现：CMGF-1是胶孢炭疽菌或其亚种,CMGF-2和CMGF-3是棒孢拟盘多毛孢或其亚种,CMGF-4和CMGF-5是串珠镰刀菌或其亚种。黑根根腐的致病菌主要是镰刀菌和拟盘多毛孢菌,而红中柱根腐的致病菌是胶孢炭疽菌。