Ethnoveterinary health management practices using medicinal plants in South Asia – a review

Animal rearing is the major occupation of most population of South Asian countries. Due to lack of resources and limited approach to modern medicine, most of the livestock raisers prefer to use plant-based traditional medicine also referred to as ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM). Indeed, the use of medicinal plants in South Asia dates back to several centuries with documented evidences. However, there is currently a dearth of documentation and compilation of use of medicinal plants for animal diseases in this part of the world. This review aims to provide an up-to-date compilation of common medicinal plants used for the treatment and/or management of common animal diseases in South Asian countries. Extensive literature search was conducted online and relevant data was retrieved from well-known scientific databases. A total of 276 plants belonging to 95 families have been documented to be in common use for managing 14 different categories of animal diseases. Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, and Leguminosae were most common plant families in terms of their plant species used for EVM. Gastric diseases were commonly reported and accounted for 72 species of plants used for its treatment followed by the miscellaneous disorders category and skin diseases comprising of 65 and 39 plant species respectively. Herbs accounted for 46% of the total plant species, followed by trees (33%), and shrubs (18%). The EVM were applied through different routes of administration; oral administration accounted for 72% followed by topical application 27%, while burning of plant parts to create smoke around animals to repel insects was less common (1%). It is anticipated that the present review will stimulate further ethnoveterinary research among livestock disease management practices in South Asia.     

六盘水市青贮玉米引种试验

为筛选出适宜在六盘水市栽培的优质青贮玉米品种,2018年引进9个青贮玉米品种进行品比试验,观察测定参试品种的物候期、高度、产量、茎重、叶重、适应性等指标.结果:筑青1号、红单10号、青丰8号3个品种适合在六盘水市推广种植.     

贵州黄鸡的培育与品系配套研究

历经２０余年,用地方威宁鸡杂交育成蛋肉兼用新品种贵州黄,选育贵州黄慢羽系,并以其为母系产生羽型自别雌雄配套系黔黄Ⅰ、Ⅱ号,进而组合成三品系配套的兴黔黄羽肉鸡。     

猪伪狂犬病毒传入猪场的风险评估模型研究

为评估未来3年内猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)变异株传入某阴性种猪场的风险,通过文献分析,结合国家定点监测分析结果和专家经验,建立了PRV传入猪场的风险路径。以该风险路径为依据,采集和整理与风险路径中各风险因素相关的数据,开展了定性分析评估。结果发现,PRV通过未经野毒抗体检测的种猪、外购精液,以及气溶胶和带毒老鼠传入的风险极高。     

屠宰猪关节液中红斑丹毒丝菌的分离与鉴定

检查了106头屠宰猪的关节液,从25头分离到红斑丹毒丝菌,阳性率为23.6％。对全部分离菌进行了系统鉴定,包括形态、染色、培养特性、生化特性、血清学反应、致病力、对抗菌剂的敏感性和血浆凝固酶试验等。结果表明,分离菌系统鉴定的各项指标均较复杂,72.0％的菌株对小鼠有致病力,但多数菌株的致病力较弱。     

高锌对仔猪肝脏脂肪代谢的影响

本研究旨在探讨高浓度硫酸锌对仔猪肝脏脂肪代谢的影响.试验选用120头平均始重为(26.66±2.45)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成4组(对照组、试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ),每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪,分别饲喂添加60、300、1 000和3 000 mg/kg锌的基础饲粮.预试期7 d,正试期16 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,1)各试验组血清总甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均显著提高(P<0.05);2)试验组Ⅲ血清总胆固醇、C18:1脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),肝脏C18:0、C18:2脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),而C16:0脂肪酸含量无显著变化(P>0.05);3)试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ肝脏硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)mRNA水平、血浆瘦素和胰岛素含量都显著升高(P<0.05).随着锌浓度的升高,血浆四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)含量显著降低(P<0.05),三碘甲状腺素原氨酸(T3)和胰高血糖素含量有上升趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05).由此可知,饲粮中添加1 000和3 000 mg/kg锌上调了仔猪肝脏SCD1转录水平,促进了机体饱和脂肪酸(C18:0)的去饱和化,增加了机体甘油三酯和胆固醇的合成,且高锌可通过促进瘦素和胰岛素的分泌调节机体的脂肪代谢.     

Effect of FMD vaccination on semen quality parameters in Karan Fries and Murrah buffalo bulls

Effect of Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) vaccination was studied on semen quality parameters of 19 Karan Fries (KF) and eight Murrah (MU) breeding bulls during the period 2002 to 2004 at Artificial Breeding Complex, NDRI, Karnal. A total of non-vaccinated 155 KF and 72 MU bulls' ejaculates were taken as control, while 169 KF and 51 MU bulls' ejaculates, collected after vaccination, were used to study the effect of vaccination stress. The results showed that FMD vaccination had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on ejaculate volume and total volume per day of semen in both KF and MU bulls. Volume of semen increased slightly during post-vaccination period in both the breeds. After FMD vaccination, there was significant (P < 0.01) decrease in mass activity (2.27 ± 0.06 vs. 1.67 ± 0.07 and 2.49 ± 0.09. vs. 1.75 ± 0.10, for KF and MU, respectively), initial motility (56.89 ± 0.03% vs. 44.62 ± 0.02% and 62.26 ± 0.04% vs. 47.08 ± 0.05%, for KF and MU, respectively), sperm concentration (754.19 ± 23.96 vs. 554.14 ± 22.95 × 10⁶/ml and 848.61 ± 33.65 vs. 571.57 ± 39.99 × 10⁶/ml, for KF and MU, respectively), and total sperm output per ejaculate (3,685.94 ± 158.40 vs. 2,781.54 ± 151.70 × 10⁶ and 2,218.75 ± 133.14 vs. 1,582.84 ± 158.20 × 10⁶, for KF and MU, respectively). Application of FMD vaccine had significantly (P < 0.05) adverse effect on most of the seminal attributes during post-vaccination in KF and MU buffalo bulls. So, the spermiograms affected following vaccination suggest that in bovines, the semen collection and preservation should be suspended till normal fertility of sperm is restored to avoid the failure of conception from artificial insemination using such semen.     

Plasma pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone following single intravenous administration in healthy and endometritic cows

Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vd_area, AUC, t_1/2β, Cl_B, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg⁻¹, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg⁻¹, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration. For MIC₉₀ of 0.5 μg.ml⁻¹ the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg⁻¹ repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows.