加快可靠性优化设计的迭代收敛速度新方法

本研究阐述了优化设计问题的求解方法,给出基于系统可靠度的结构优化设计数学模型,对以往求解优化模型时用的优化准则法进行了介绍和改进。通过实例的求解过程,验证了改进后的优化准则法的良好效果,即迭代收敛速度加快。这种改进对系统失效模式较多的情况,效果更为明显。     

超级稻花后强、弱势粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和激素含量变化及其与籽粒灌浆的关系

 种植4个超级稻品种\[两优培九和Ⅱ优084（杂交籼稻）、淮稻9号和武粳15（粳稻）\]和2个高产对照品种\[汕优63（杂交籼稻）和扬辐粳8号（粳稻）\],观察其结实期强、弱势粒中蔗糖合酶（SuSase）、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPase）、淀粉合酶（StSase）和淀粉分支酶（SBE）活性及玉米素+玉米素核苷（Z+ZR）、3 吲哚乙酸（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）含量的变化,并测定了强、弱势粒灌浆速率。结果表明,超级稻品种强势粒的最大灌浆速率、到达最大灌浆速率的时间、平均灌浆速率和糙米重与对照品种差异较小,超级稻品种弱势粒的灌浆速率和糙米重显著低于对照。灌浆期强、弱势粒的SuSase、AGPase 、StSase 和SBE活性变化及Z+ZR、IAA 和ABA 含量变化均呈单峰曲线。弱势粒的SuSase、AGPase、StSase 和SBE的峰值活性和平均活性及其Z+ZR 和IAA的峰值含量和平均含量均低于强势粒。弱势粒的ABA 峰值含量和平均含量显著高于强势粒,超级稻品种高于对照品种。籽粒灌浆速率与SuSase、AGPase和StSase 活性及Z+ZR 和IAA含量均呈显著或极显著正相关,与SBE活性及ABA含量的相关不显著。说明超级稻品种弱势粒中较低的SuSase、AGPase和StSase活性及较低的Z+ZR和IAA含量是其灌浆速率小、粒重轻的一个重要原因。     

邻二氯苯对斑马鱼的急性毒性

[目的]了解邻二氯苯对斑马鱼的急性毒性.[方法]采用静态试验法,参照《水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)》中有关急性毒性方法测定邻二氯苯对斑马鱼的急性毒性.[结果]邻二氯苯对斑马鱼96h的半数致死浓度(LC50)为5.13 mg/L,安全质量浓度(SC)为0.51 mg/L.[结论]根据鱼类急性毒性分级标准,邻二氯苯属于高毒性物质.     

硫酸铜对金鱼急性毒性及肝细胞超微结构的影响

采用静水法生物测试,探讨硫酸铜对金鱼的急性毒性作用。结果表明:当水温为(12±2)℃、pH为6.7～7.2时,CuSO4对金鱼(墨龙睛)24、48、72和96h的LC50分别为21.88、15.85、12.59和9.12mg·L-1,SC为0.912mg·L-1。应用透射电镜技术,观察了对照组和高毒浓度试验组金鱼肝细胞的超微结构。结果表明:高毒浓度试验组金鱼肝细胞超微病理变化明显,主要表现为染色质聚缩于核中央,线粒体空泡化、嵴乱而减少,粗面内质网断裂、脱粒、解聚。     

浅析影响难胶材胶合的主要因素

文章介绍了难胶合材的主要特征。论述了影响难胶合材胶合的几个主要因素,诸如解剖结构特征、抽提物、PH值、密度和表面机械加工特征。     

意大利蜜蜂不同蜂群抗白垩病能力差异的研究

白垩病是意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica,简称意蜂）的一种常见真菌性疾病,不同蜂群间的抗白垩病能力强弱差异检测是抗病育种的基础.研究通过实验比较分析意蜂不同蜂群抗白垩病能力的差异.采用DPS软件方差分析系统分组实验统计分析和Tukey法多重比较,对4群患病蜂群和4群健康蜂群自然状态和接种蜜蜂球囊菌病原状态下的3次检测结果分别进行统计分析.结果表明：自然情况下不同蜂群间的抗病能力有差异;1号蜂群在接种蜜蜂球囊菌前、后蜂群患病个体数均显著高于其他蜂群（p＜0.05）;用白垩病死尸粉末拌入花粉饲喂的方法可以有效诱发蜂群发生白垩病;实验筛选出抗白垩病能力强、弱的蜂群为抗白垩病相关分子标记提供素材.     

中国美利奴羊不同MHC-DRB1/DQB1单倍型个体感染细粒棘球绦虫的免疫应答分析

为探讨中国美利奴羊(新疆军垦型)不同单倍型个体感染细粒棘球绦虫的免疫应答变化。将8只抗性单倍型绵羊设为抗性组,8只非抗性单倍型绵羊设为对照组,在相同的饲养条件下进行人工感染攻虫。分别在攻虫前7d(-7d)、攻虫当天(0d)、攻虫后第7、21、30、60天用流式细胞仪分析外周血中CD4+T、CD8+T、B淋巴细胞亚群的变化,同时用ELISA方法定量分析血清中IgG、IgM、IgE、IFN-γ水平并进行粒细胞计数。结果表明,抗性组绵羊的发病率显著低于对照组(P=0.019);CD4+T细胞2组之间差异不显著(P0.05),CD8+T细胞在攻虫后第7天抗性组显著高于对照组(P0.05);IgG水平在攻虫后第7天2组均显著高于攻虫前7d(P0.05)。攻虫后第30天抗性组IgM和IFN-γ水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。抗性组的白细胞、淋巴细胞分别在攻虫后第7和21天显著高于对照组(P0.05),嗜中性粒细胞和总蛋白在攻虫后第21天抗性组极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结果显示,抗性单倍型绵羊对细粒棘球绦虫的抵抗力显著高于非抗性绵羊;抗性组绵羊体内的CD8+T细胞、IgM、IFN-γ和白细胞、淋巴细胞水平在攻虫后不同时期显著高于非抗性组绵羊。     

Tert-butyl hydroperoxide damages mitochrondria and induces apoptosis in cortical neurons

AIM: To explore the possible mechanism of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons. METHODS: Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were performed in vitro and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was used to evaluate cell apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was determined by flow cytometric assay. Cellular glutathione (GSH) content was measured by spectrophotometer. Bcl-2 and Bax protein, cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: After exposure of cortical neurons to tBHP (25-400 μmol/L), the cell viability was reduced. ΔΨm and cellular GSH content were also decreased significantly. The level of Bcl-2 protein was reduced and Bax was elevated. Meanwhile, tBHP exposure resulted in cytochrome c release, caspase-3 and PARP proteolysis, DNA fragmentation and eventually neuron apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Mitochondrial damage may mediate tBHP- induced apoptosis in cortical neurons.     

Improvements in somatic embryogenesis protocol in Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret): Induction,conversion and synthetic seeds

Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana) syn. Feijoa sellowiana, a Brazilian indigenous Myrtaceae is under domestication in South Brazil. Previous works showed that this species is responsive to somatic embryogenesis and recalcitrant to conventional methods of clonal propagation. In the present work it was evaluated the role of components of culture medium in the induction and development of somatic embryos. The technology of synthetic seeds was also evaluated. Zygotic embryos were inoculated in LPm medium supplemented with 8 mM glutamic acid and 8 mM l-glutamine, 2,4-dichlophenoxiacetic acid (20 μM) and myo-inositol. For conversion of somatic embryos and synthetic seeds it was tested the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid combined or not with activated charcoal. The highest values for embryogenetic induction (100%) and number of somatic embryos/explant (113) were observed in the LPm medium supplemented with Glu (8 mM), and 2,4-D. The culture medium supplemented with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) and activated charcoal (1.5 g L⁻¹) enhanced the conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. Pre-germinated somatic embryos encapsulated in sodium alginate with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) developed radicles. The use of synthetic seed was a requisite for the survival of plantlets.     

Occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeoacremonium</Emphasis> spp. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</Emphasis> in grape propagation materials and young grapevines

During a 6-year study, grapevine propagation materials and young grapevines were analysed to evaluate the presence of internal wood discolouration and the occurrence of fungal species involved in Petri disease. The intensity of wood discolouration increased with the ageing of the plants. The maximum incidence of dark streaks was observed in the rootstock while necrosis originating from buds or nodes were notably present in the trunk and cordon of older vines. In contrast, the highest levels of brown-red halo symptoms, defined as discoloured areas around the pith, were recorded in the early growth stages. Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were usually isolated from the rooted-grafts and the 3-year old plants, respectively. The number of infected grapevines increased with age. Most of the P. chlamydospora strains were isolated from dark streaks or dots, while Phaeoacremonium spp. were detected in brown-red halo symptoms and other symptomatic or asymptomatic wood. The greatest incidence of the two fungal taxa was recorded in the lower parts of the grapevine, including the roots and rootstock.