基于MapGIS和植被数量指标的啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统的设计与实现

选择鼠害频发的阿拉善荒漠区分布面积较大的红砂+泡泡刺生境、红砂+杂类草生境和白刺生境,以夹日法记录三种生境中啮齿动物种群相对数量,利用啮齿动物种群相对数量与荒漠区灌木和草本植物之间的依存关系建立专家模拟系统,分析三种生境的主要害鼠子午沙鼠、三趾跳鼠和小毛足鼠种群相对数量与植物群落因子间的动态关系,并以MapGIS为地理信息平台,借助VB程序语言设计工具,设计阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统,探索植物群落与啮齿动物群落的反馈动态变化,实现利用植物群落指标预测啮齿动物群落组分及其相对数量变化的目标,为鼠害防控提供依据。     

Role and regulation of calcineurin in angiotensin Ⅱ-stimulated cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats

AIM: To study the role and regulation of calcineurin(CaN) in angiotensin II(AngⅡ)-stimulated cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy of rats. METHODS: Using AngⅡ to induce the cultured cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats, and investigating the effect of CaN inhibitor on [³H]-leucine incorporation of AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes and the regulation of various factors on CaN activity in cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: AngⅡ can stimulate the CaN activity in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In cardiac myocytes incubated with 10, 100, 1000 nmol·L^-1 of AngⅡ for 12h, the CaN activities increased respectively by 13%,57%(P＜0.05) and 228%(P＜0.01) compared with that in non-stimulated cardiomyocytes. The CaN activities in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes were significantly inhibited by losartan(50 μmol·L^-1), H₇(50 μmol·L^-1)and Fura-2/AM(4 μmol·L^-1),while no effect was observed with PD98059(50 μmol·L^-1).The [³H]-leucine incorporation in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes increased by 46%(P＜0.01) compared with that in control group, which was dramatically inhibited by cyclosporin A(0.5~5μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Calcineurin, a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, may play an important role in AngⅡ-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. The activation of CaN may dependent on the sustained increases of [Ca²⁺]i and be regulated by some protein kinases (such as PKC,etc.).     

Experimental research on cardiac fibrosis induced by recombinant mouse interleukin-11 in mice

AIM To observe the effect of recombinant mouse interleukin-11 （rmIL-11）injected subcutaneously into mice on heart structure and function and to determine its pro-fibrotic effect. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The mice in experimental group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant mouse IL-11 at the dose of 100 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 3 consecutive weeks, while the control group were given equal volume of normal saline in the same way. After the experiment was finished, the parameters of heart function were measured by echocardiography.The heart weight was weighed and the cardiac weight index (CWI) was calculated. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to observe the pathological changes and the extent of myocardial fibrosis in mouse myocardia respectively, and the cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. The expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardial tissues of mice, including type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening in experimental group were obviously lower than those in control group (P<0.01), however left ventricular end-diastolic diamension and left ventricular end systolic dimension were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the CWI was increased (P<0.01), the myocardial arrangement was disorder, the necrosis of cardiac myocytes was increased, and excessive deposition of collagen was observed in the myocardial tissues in experimental group. Correspondingly, the CVF and protein levels of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin in the left ventricle in experimental group were increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Injection of rmIL-11 into the mice subcutaneously induces fibrogenesis in the heart, which implies that IL-11 is likely a novel pro-fibrotic factor.     

大兴安岭北部的灰化土

大兴安岭北部,即伊勒呼里山以北的大兴安岭主体部分,大致位于北纬51°20'—53°28',东经121°31'—126°30'之间,是我国的最北端。其地带性土壤类型,过去说法不一,曾有人命名为生草灰化土¹⁾、棕色灰化土、棕色泰加林土²⁾、灰白色森林土(中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队等,1978)、棕色针叶林土³⁾、漂灰土(中国科学院南京土壤研究所主编,1978)等。     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

我国桃树设施栽培的现状、存在问题及对策

总结了我国桃树设施栽培的现状,包括设施栽培的目的、主要形式、品种选择、环境要求、调控技术和主要栽培技术等,指出了生产上存在的问题并提出了相应的对策     

土地利用总体规划中生态退耕规划标准指标体系构建与应用

生态退耕规划标准是新一轮土地利用总体规划编制过程中确定生态退耕布局和规模的准则和依据。针对目前生态退耕规划仅从改善生态环境的单一目标出发,而忽视生态退耕对区域粮食安全、经济发展影响的情况,该文以河北省为例,根据整体性、综合协调、科学和可操作性的原则,构建了生态退耕规划标准指标体系;并以河北省下辖11个行政市为评价单元,应用层次分析法进行河北省生态退耕区域评价;应用最小人均耕地面积的概念,确定生态退耕规模。根据评价单元各因素和综合得分情况,河北省可划分为重点、次重点和一般生态退耕区。预计到2020年河北省生态退耕总规模约为61.09×10⁴ hm²。     

深松旋耕组合作业机的研制与试验研究

根据国内中等功率拖拉机配套农机具的研究现状,以机组匹配理论为依据,研制了与中型拖拉机配套的深松旋耕组合作业机,并进行了单独深松、单独旋耕和组合工况的试验。试验表明所研制的机具在作业时能充分发挥拖拉机的动力性,减少拖拉机的功率消耗。机具配置的深松铲和旋耕刀片排列合理,深松扰动影响宽度和旋耕宽度相匹配,作业时波动范围较小,偏牵矩对拖拉机方向的稳定性基本没有影响。机具的研制也为与大功率拖拉机配套新型农机具的开发提供了借鉴。     

近红外光谱分析法测定菜籽油中芥酸的含量

采用多通道PDA型近红外光谱仪,应用偏最小二乘法建立了菜籽油中芥酸含量与近红外透射光谱的校正模型,讨论多项式求导及平滑的窗口宽度和相关系数法筛选有效波长对校正模型的影响,并对10个预测集样品利用预测相关系数R_p和预测均方根误差RMSEP指标进行了预测精度分析,结果发现：在使用全谱数据进行偏最小二乘回归建模时,一阶7点求导及平滑的预处理方法结果最佳,此时建模效果为：R_p=0.739,RMSEP=1.659;在此基础上通过相关系数法筛选波长后的建模效果为：R_p=0.958,RMSEP=0.963。后者R_p提高29%,RMSEP减少42%。由此可得出多项式求导及平滑法和相关系数法相结合对校正模型稳健性,预测精度都有较大提高的结论。研究证明：多通道近红外光谱仪快速测测菜籽油中芥酸含量的方法是可行的。     

微胶囊双水相提取柑桔精油的工艺优化

为寻找一条适合工业化生产的低成本、低能耗、高效率的柑桔精油提取工艺路线,该文采用微胶囊与双水相联合萃取技术提取柑桔精油。结果表明：通过调整β-环糊精和硫酸钠的浓度比,可有效控制囊化萃取物中柑桔精油的质量。最终由正交试验设计确定出柑桔精油在萃取温度30℃、硫酸钠浓度15%、β-环糊精浓度40%、萃取时间30 min的条件下总收率高达96%以上。