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991.
运用灰色系统理论对水土流失的影响进行了灰色预测,建立小良水土流失的预测模型,旨在为小良的水土流失的治理提供科学依据,促进小良的可持续发展。  相似文献   
992.
结合文登市水环境综合整治规划研究,作者应用生态学基本原理,对文登水环境生态系统结构和功能进行了系统的分析,阐明了文登水环境污染的现状以及存在的生态问题,提出文登市区域水环境保护与发展的生态农业建设方案与策略。  相似文献   
993.
994.
重金属与农药复合型污染成为重要的环境问题之一,然而当前关于两者共同作用对蚯蚓-土壤-植物系统的影响研究还很少。为了探讨镉-乙草胺复合污染对蚯蚓-土壤-玉米农田系统的生态毒理效应和生态过程的影响,本研究通过室内模拟试验,从镉-乙草胺复合胁迫下蚯蚓生理响应、土壤理化性质及玉米形态特征等变化,探讨两者复合污染对玉米生长的影响机制。结果表明:1)随着处理时间的延长,镉-乙草胺复合胁迫下蚯蚓体内SOD活性呈先降低再升高的趋势,而MDA含量呈先升高后降低的趋势;复合胁迫处理第2d和50d时, 20~30 cm土层的蚯蚓数量占所有土层蚯蚓总量百分比比对照分别增加1.34倍和1.14倍,蚯蚓对镉-乙草胺复合污染作出规避效应而向深层土壤迁移。2)镉-乙草胺复合胁迫下土壤有机质和速效磷含量与处理时间、处理方式、污染物无关,随着处理时间的延长,土壤碱解氮含量呈先显著降低后升高的趋势。3)处理第50d,30 mg·kg~(-1)镉、200 mg·kg~(-1)乙草胺及30 mg·kg~(-1)镉+200 mg·kg~(-1)乙草胺处理组玉米根数均显著低于对照,抑制率分别为23.21%、42.86%和50.00%,玉米生物量与株高呈相同趋势,即30mg·kg~(-1)镉处理200mg·kg~(-1)乙草胺处理30 mg·kg~(-1)镉+200 mg·kg~(-1)乙草胺处理。相关分析表明,两种污染物除对蚯蚓SOD活性产生拮抗效应外,对蚯蚓MDA、土壤养分与玉米生长指标均不存在交互作用。本研究得出镉-乙草胺复合污染促进蚯蚓向下迁移影响其垂直分布,并且可以通过改变土壤营养元素含量最终抑制玉米的生长。  相似文献   
995.
The annual series of δ13C were measured in tree rings of three Cryptomeria fortunei disks (OF-1, OF-2, and OF- 3) collected from West Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, China, according to cross-dating tree ring ages. There was no obvious decreasing trend of the δ13C annual time series of CF-2 before 1835. However, from 1835 to 1982 the three tree ring δ13C annual series exhibited similar decreasing trends that were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) correlated. The distribution characteristics of a scatter diagram between estimated δ13C series of CF-2 from modeling and the atmospheric CO2 concentration extracted from the Law Dome ice core from 1840 to 1978 were analyzed and a curvilinear regression equation for reconstructing atmospheric CO2 concentration was established with R2 = 0.98. Also, a test of independent samples indicated that between 1685 and 1839 the reconstructed atmospheric CO2 concentration .using the δ13C series of CF-2 had a close relationship with the Law Dome and Siple ice cores, with a standard deviation of 1.98. The general increasing trend of the reconstructed atmospheric CO2 concentration closely reflected the 10ng-term variation of atmospheric CO2 concentration recorded both before and after the Industrial Revolution. Between 1685 and 1840 the evaluated atmospheric CO2 concentration was stable, but after 1840 it exhibited a rapid increase. Given a longer δ13C annual time series of tree rings, it was feasible to rebuild a representative time series to describe the atmospheric CO2 concentration for an earlier period and for years that were not in the ice core record.  相似文献   
996.
A confirmatory method using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for determination of five macrolide antibiotics including spiramycin, tilmicosin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, and tylosin in raw milk is presented. Macrolides were extracted from raw milk by acetonitrile, and sample extracts were further cleaned up using solid-phase extraction cartridges. Data acquisition was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring, that is, two transitions, to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Matrix-matched standard calibration curves with the use of roxithromycin as an internal standard were utilized to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Both a conventional validation procedure and a designed experiment were applied to study the accuracy and precision of the method. The measurement uncertainty arising from accuracy and precision was estimated. The method accuracy, expressed as a percentage of overall recovery, was approximately 100%, and its intermediate precision was <10%. LC-ESI/MS/MS method detection limits (S/N > or = 3:1) of five macrolides were <0.3 microg/kg.  相似文献   
997.
A rhizobox experiment was conducted to compare iron (Fe) oxidation and changes of pH, redox potential (Eh) and fractions of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four emergent-rooted wetland plants (Echinodorus macrophyllus, Eleocharis geniculata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris and Veronica serpyllifolia) with different radial oxygen loss (ROL) from roots. The results indicated that all these wetland plants decreased pH and concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) but increased the Eh in the rhizosphere soils. Pb and Zn were transformed from unstable fractions to more stable fractions in the rhizosphere soils, so decreasing their potential metal mobility factors (MF). Among the four plants, E. macrophyllus, with the highest ROL and root biomass, possessed the greatest ability in formation of Fe plaque and in the reduction of heavy metal MFs in the rhizosphere soil. Wetland plants, with higher ROLs and root biomass, may thus be effective in decreasing potential long-term heavy metal bioavailabilities.  相似文献   
998.
A series of novel N-substituted phenoxysulfenyl- N'- tert-butyl- N, N'-diacylhydrazines were designed and synthesized as insect growth regulators via the key intermediates N-chlorosulfenyl- N'- tert-butyl- N, N'-diacylhydrazines. Compared to the parent compounds, these N-substituted phenoxysulfenyl derivatives displayed better solubility and improved hydrophobicities. The insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. The results of bioassays showed that the title compounds possessed a combination of strong stomach as well as contact poison property higher than the corresponding parent compounds. In particular, N-(4-chlorophenoxy)sulfenyl -N'- tert-butyl- N-4-ethylbenzoyl- N'-3,5-dimethylbenzoylhydrazide ( IIIi) as a field testing candidate has higher stomach toxicities against oriental armyworm and tobacco cutworm than the corresponding parent compound RH-5992. Furthermore, the compound IIIi exhibits higher contact activities against Asian corn borer, tobacco cutworm, and cotton bollworm than RH-5992.  相似文献   
999.
为了了解不同粒径的柴油机排放颗粒物中石墨烯结构,利用激光拉曼光谱仪和软X射线谱学显微光束线站分析了不同粒径的柴油机排放颗粒物中石墨烯结构和碳原子价态信息。结果表明,排放颗粒的D1峰(由无序石墨烯边缘和基底碳原子的A1g对称振动而产生的)与D2峰(无序石墨烯表面碳原子的E2g对称振动)的相对强度在3.34~4.01之间,石墨烯缺陷类型主要为边缘缺陷。随着排放颗粒粒径的增加,D1峰的半高宽分别增加了2.8和6.7 cm-1,化学异相性增加;D1峰与G峰(是理想石墨烯晶格E2g对称振动引起的)的相对强度分别降低了14.67%和27.17%,石墨化程度提高;D3峰(代表排放颗粒中的无定形碳,主要包括有机成分、碎片和官能团)的相对强度R3分别降低了13.73%和39.22%,无定形碳含量降低。石墨烯晶格内部C-C键长与粒径关系不大,晶格内部C-C键长约为0.142 nm;随着排放颗粒粒径的增加,石墨烯微晶尺寸分别增加了约0.412和0.821 nm,相邻石墨烯间距降低,排放颗粒活性增加;脂肪族C=C化学键、脂肪族C-H和羧基C=O化学键含量降低,"石墨烯性"C=C、酚类C-OH和酮类C=O化学键含量增加。该研究可为不同粒径柴油机排放颗粒形成机理的完善和排放颗粒净化装置的优化提供参考。  相似文献   
1000.
采用间歇培养实验研究了辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸等三种长链脂肪酸对UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的毒性,以及癸酸对辛酸和月桂酸抑制作用的影响。结果表明,辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸对UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性有严重抑制,对厌氧颗粒污泥最大比产甲烷活性产生50%抑制的浓度(IC  相似文献   
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