孤雌拟长跗摇蚊实验室规模培养技术及生活史研究

研究了孤雌拟长跗摇蚊实验室连续规模培养技术,在恒温20、25、28℃条件下对其生活史进行了详细地记录。结果显示:槐叶-黏土培养基适于作为该种摇蚊的食物及筑巢来源。生活史方面,恒温20℃条件下,约25.5 d经历1个世代;恒温25℃,约19.5 d经历1个世代;恒温28℃,约15.5 d经历1个世代。又因该种生物对水质反应敏感,适于作为模式生物进行开发。     

4种有害气体对猪群健康状况的影响及其控制技术

为掌握规模化猪场舍内小环境空气质量的变化,为猪舍空气质量对人、动物健康影响的风险评估和相关控制技术的研究提供理论依据,并探索出有效的舍内空气质量控制技术,2010年11月20日～2011年3月10日和2011年11月19～2012年3月11日连续2 a 在河南省农业科学院种猪场31栋猪舍（规模化猪舍,利用屋顶进风,地下航道抽风的立体空气综合控制技术）和周围10个小型猪场26栋猪舍（简陋猪舍,利用自然通风或小风机通风）进行舍内空气质量指标测定。结果表明：利用空气综合控制技术通风的标准化猪舍内空气质量较好,能够明显降低舍内有害气体的浓度,同时还保证了舍内温度,为猪只生长发育提供了适宜的环境条件。     

Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions in Maize Growing Season Under Different Fertilizer Regimes in an Upland Red Soil Region of South China

Upland red soils have been identified as major CO2 and N2O sources induced by human activities such as fertilization. To monitor characteristics of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes in cropland ecosystems after continuous fertilizer applications over decades and to separate the respective contributions of root and heterotrophic respiration to the total soil CO2 and N2O fluxes, the measurements of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes throughout the maize growing season in 2009 were carried out based on a fertilization experiment （from 1990） through of the maize （Zea mays L.） growing season in red soil in southern China. Five fertilization treatments were chosen from the experiment for study： zero-fertilizer application （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium （NPK） fertilizer application only, pig manure （M）, NPK plus pig manure （NPKM） and NPK with straw （NPKS）. Six chambers were installed in each plot. Three of them are in the inter-row soil （NR） and the others are in the soil within the row （R）. Each fertilizer treatment received the same amount of N （300 kg ha-1 yr-1）. Results showed that cumulative soil CO2 fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS〉M, NPKM〉NPK〉CK. The contributions of root respiration to soil CO2 fluxes was 40, 44, 50, 47 and 35% in CK, NPK, NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, with the mean value of 43%. Cumulative soil N2O fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS, NPKM〉M〉NPK〉CK, and soil N2O fluxes in R were 18, 20 and 30% higher than that in NR in NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, but with no difference between NR and R in NPK treatment. Furthermore, combine with soil temperature at -5 cm depth and soil moisWxe （0-20 cm） together could explain 55-70% and 42-59% of soil CO2 and N2O emissions with root interference and 62- 78% and 44-63% of that without root interference, respectively. In addition, soil CO2 and N2O flUXeS per unit yield in NPKM （0.55 and 0.10 kg C t^-1） and M （0.65 and 0.13 g N t^-1） treatments were lower than those in other treatments. Therefore, manure application could be a preferred fertilization strategy in red soils in South China.     

Effects of Powdery Mildew on 1000-Kernel Weight,Crude Protein Content and Yield of Winter Wheat in Three Consecutive Growing Seasons

In order to clarify the impact posed by wheat powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici） on the yield and yield components in different epidemic seasons, field trials were conducted in three growing seasons, 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, in Langfang City, Hebei Province, China. The relationships between 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield and disease index （DI）, as well as area under disease progress curve （AUDPC） were studied. The models of the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content and yield were constructed using DI at critical point （CP） of growth stages （GS） and AUDPC in the three growing seasons, respectively. The CPs for estimating 1 000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield of wheat caused by powdery mildew were GS 11.1, GS 10.5.3 and GS l 0.5.3, respectively. Models based on DI at CP to estimate the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield were better than models based on AUDPC. And models of the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content and yield for 2011-2012 season were significant different from these for 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons. These results indicated that besides powdery mildew, weather conditions also had influence on 1 000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield loss of wheat when powdery mildew occurred.     

盐胁迫对桑叶中1-脱氧野尻酶素含量的影响

[目的]考察盐胁迫对桑叶中1-脱氧野尻酶素含量的影响。[方法]以黑龙江省桑树品种青龙桑为试验材料,采用不同盐浓度下对桑苗进行盐胁迫处理,利用高效液相色谱测定1-脱氧野尻酶素的含量。[结果]不同浓度的NaCl胁迫下桑树叶片的1-脱氧野尻酶素含量均高于对照,其中50 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理下桑树叶片中1-脱氧野尻酶素含量在第31天达到最大值,为1.51 mg/g;并且,在NaCl胁迫下桑树上部叶的1-脱氧野尻酶素含量大于下部叶。[结论]适当的盐浓度能有效提高桑苗叶片中1-脱氧野尻酶素的含量。     

长林系列油茶籽含油率和脂肪酸组成分析研究

对长林系列11个油茶良种油茶籽含油率进行了测定,并采用GC/MS分析油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成结果表明：油茶籽含油率大部分集中在30%～45%,平均含油率为37.94%;含油率最高为46.41%,最低为22.80%。油茶籽油脂肪酸主要由油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等9种脂肪酸组成;油酸含量为71%～78.96%,均值为74.82%,标准偏差为2.72%。亚油酸含量在7.02%～14.3%,均值为11.49%,标准偏差为2.59%。棕榈酸含量在8.75%～11.80%,均值为9.94%,标准偏差为0.98%;硬脂酸含量在1.66%～3.79%,均值为2.57%,标准偏差为0.71%。     

近58a本溪山区蒸发量变化特征及影响因子通径分析

利用本溪市草河口气象站1953—2010年蒸发量、气温、降水量、日照、风速、水汽压等资料,采用气候趋势分析和通径分析方法,对本溪山区近58 a蒸发量及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明,本溪山区年蒸发量呈明显增加趋势,其线性倾向率为25.64 mm/10 a,6种气象因素对蒸发的决定程度按大小排序依次为:降水量饱和差气温年较差年平均气温风速日照时数,年降水量与其他因子的协同作用对蒸发量的决定作用也很大。蒸发量增加是由本溪山区日照减少、风速减小、暖干化趋势造成的。     

果树防霜新型产品的应用研究

为抵御我国北方地区早春时节冷空气形成的晚霜对果树的霜冻危害,采用一种新型发热发烟剂作为果树防霜新型产品在晚霜期的仁用杏园进行防霜试验。结果表明,每公顷地安置240块防霜产品时,仁用杏园温度平均提高1.5~2℃;每公顷地安置375块防霜产品时,仁用杏园温度平均提高2~3℃,且升温迅速,持续时间长;实际烟雾覆盖面积分别为仁用杏试验园面积的2~3倍和4~5倍,维持时间长达1.5 h以上,烟幕浓厚,可见度低,形成的烟雾可在果园空间形成足够的保护层来对抗寒流;2个处理的冻花率分别为6.75%,4.43%,而对照的冻花率为57.66%。     

调亏灌溉下春玉米水氮耦合效应试验研究

为探讨寒地黑土区节水型高产玉米生产技术,以玉米品种九龙12为试验材料,采用正交试验方法,通过春玉米筒测试验,在3种施氮水平条件下,研究了苗期、拔节期、抽雄期3个水分亏缺水平对玉米生长发育指标和产量影响的耦合效应。结果表明:在不同调亏时期,植株经复水灌溉后有不同程度的补偿性生长。施氮量决定不同调亏时期的水分亏缺程度,苗期供应水分过高、氮肥过大会减少植株茎粗;拔节期水分亏缺时,植株茎粗受施氮量的影响较大,水分亏缺程度越重,氮肥施用量就应随之增高。当目标产量大于13 500kg·hm-2时,在95%的置信区间,苗期、拔节期和抽雄期的水分亏缺阈值分别为田间持水量的48%~66%、72%~84%和66%~81%,施纯氮肥160kg·hm-2。     

基于LDAR技术的炼油装置VOCs泄漏损失评估

Leak Detection and Repair（LDAR）技术是对工业生产活动中工艺装置泄漏现象进行发现和维修的一种技术。以国内某炼油装置设备管阀件泄漏的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）为例,应用LDAR技术开展炼油装置泄漏检测并统计数据,计算VOCs泄漏损失量。结果表明：泄漏部位主要是阀门盘根,法兰、丝堵、接头等连接件,泵轴密封,排凝、放空等开口管道;通过泄漏损失量计算可知,该原油加工能力为500×104 t/a的炼油企业,每年泄漏的挥发性有机化合物约400 t/a,其中泄漏检测结果不低于10 000μmol/mol的泄漏源在炼油装置泄漏损失评估中起主要作用,是设备泄漏造成损失的重要组成部分。同时,对企业泄漏维修效果进行了评估,该企业炼油装置可以降低50%以上的VOCs泄漏损失量。（图6,表2,参8）