基于我国农业保险补贴行为的博弈分析

作为现代农业的三大支柱之一,农业保险对防范农业风险、促进农业生产,稳定农民收入具有重要作用.但我国农业保险发展却处于逐步萎缩的状态,其中重要的原因之一就是政府补贴缺位.通过建立博弈模型对农业保险行为主体分析可以发现,面对损失程度极高的农业风险必须由政府实施补贴才能实现纳什均衡,基于此,必须通过制度供给,明确农业保险财政补贴的实施机制,保证充分的补贴资金来源,并提供相关服务推动措施.     

Screening for Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Membrane Proteins of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Blocking the Infection of IBDV

This article aims to establish an efficient assay for screening monoclonal antibodies （McAbs） against the membrane proteins of chicken embryo fibroblast （CEF） for further studies of the cellular receptors of infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV）. McAbs against the membrane proteins of CEF were prepared by cell fusion. The monolayer CEF pre-incubated with the CEF-specific McAbs for 2 h were infected with IBDV and incubated with F22-EA6-biotin postinfection. Then, the cells were reacted with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase （HRP） and finally stained by 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole （AEC）. The inhibitive percentage of IBDV infection was calculated by counting the IBDV-infected cells to determine the inhibition efficiency of the CEF-specific McAbs. Compared with the control cells, the IBDV-infected cells pretreated with CEF-specific antibody significantly decreased; supernatant fluids of a total of 768 hybridomas were analyzed. The results of immunohistochemistry assays showed that six of them （1A5, 1H11, 2B 12, 3G1, 4D10, and 4B8） have the abilities to block the infection of IBDV to CEF, among which 4B8 can perfectly block the infection. This novel method is a sensitive and specific assay for the screening of CEF membrane protein-specific McAbs, which can block the infection of IBDV to CEF, and these McAbs can be used for the further investigations of the cellular receptors of IBDV.     

湖北省生态调节功能评价分析

由于湖北省地理环境特征,荒漠化和水土流失、洪涝等自然灾害较严重,致使湖北省农业生态环境存在诸多问题,为促进地区经济与生态环境协调发展,使湖北省农业更快更健康地发展,对农业生态调节功能进行评价具有重要意义。采用聚类分析方法,选取5个对农业的生态调节有影响的代表性指标,对湖北省生态调节功能进行分区,最终分为4类区域,并对各个区域进行评价和结果分析,最后还指出了生态环境保护与治理的重点项目和措施。     

海南生物质能开发利用现状及发展对策

随着世界能源日益短缺,开发新的可再生能源成为当务之急。本文概述海南主要生物质能源的发展现状、经济价值及其开发利用情况,探讨今后发展前景,为开发利用生物质能提供参考依据。     

玉米新品种铜玉一号不同密度、肥料用量研究

运用三元二次正交回归旋转组合设计,研究铜玉一号玉米新品种产量与种植密度、施氮量、施钾量等主要栽培因素间的关系,建立了各因素与产量指标的数学模式:Y=8.173-0.084X1+0.444X2+0.015X3-0.115X1X2-0.073X1X3-0.268X2X3-0.301X21-0.124X22+0.084X23;确立了铜玉一号高产栽培合理的种植密度和施肥量的优化方案:种植密度为3 300株/667 m2,施氮量为30 kg/667 m2,施KC l量为15 kg/667 m2。在这一组合措施下,可获得10 160 kg/hm2的最高产量。各因素对铜玉一号产量的影响为施氮量插秧规格(密度)施钾量。     

狗牙根与牛鞭草在三峡库区消落带水淹结束后的抗氧化酶活力

三峡水库周期性水淹结束后,消落带植物积极恢复生长的能力有利于其生存和定居,因此,探究影响植物恢复生长的关键生理生态机制对于消落带生态治理具有重要意义。采用野外采样、对比测定的手段,研究了生长于三峡水库消落带的狗牙根和牛鞭草根系在冬季水淹结束后清除活性氧(ROS)的关键酶活力恢复动态。结果表明:与对照相比,经历水淹的植物恢复初期发生明显氧化胁迫,超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)均维持了水淹诱导增加的活力水平。两个物种的过氧化氢酶(CAT)在水淹中活力均较低;出露之后后狗牙根CAT趋向于对照水平,牛鞭草CAT活力迅速上升但未到显著水平。水淹结束后24 d各个酶活力均回复到对照水平,表明氧化胁迫已基本消失。消落带位点植物不同酶活力之间表现出显著的相关关系,这可能是植株维持ROS代谢内稳态的表现。     

QTL Mapping for Dough Mixing Characteristics in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Waxy × Strong Gluten Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Protein and starch are the most important traits in determining processing quality in wheat. In order to understand the genetic basis of the influence of Waxy protein (Wx) and high molecular weight gluten subunit (HMW-GS) on processing quality, 256 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of waxy wheat Nuomai 1 and Gaocheng 8901 were used as mapping population. DArT (diversity arrays technology), SSR (simple sequence repeat), HMW-GS, and Wx markers were used to construct the molecular genetic linkage map. QTLs for mixing peak time (MPT), mixing peak value (MPV), mixing peak width (MPW), and mixing peak integral (MPI) of Mixograph parameters were evaluated in three different environments. The genetic map comprised 498 markers, including 479 DArT, 14 SSR, 2 HMW-GS, and 3 Wx protein markers, covering 4 229.7 cM with an average distance of 9.77 cM. These markers were identified on 21 chromosomes. Eighteen additive QTLs were detected in three different environments, which were distributed on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 4A, 6A, and 7D. QMPT-1D.1 and QMPT-1D.2 were close to the Glu-D1 marker accounting for 35.2, 22.22 and 36.57% of the phenotypic variance in three environments, respectively. QMPV-1D and QMPV-4A were detected in all environments, and QMPV-4A was the nearest to Wx-B1. One minor QTL, QMPI-1A, was detected under three environments with the genetic distances of 0.9 cM from the nearest marker Glu-A1, explaining from 5.31 to 6.67% of the phenotypic variance. Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D and 4A. Therefore, this genetic map is very important and useful for quality trait related QTL mapping in wheat. In addition, the finding of several major QTLs, based on the genetic analyses, further suggested the importance of Glu-1 loci on dough mixing characteristics.     

氮素营养对小麦干物质积累与转运的影响

在大田条件下,以冬小麦“长旱58”为供试材料,研究不同氮肥用量对小麦干物质转运、积累和分配的影响,共设5个氮水平,即N1（0 kg/hm）、N2（80 kg/hm）、N3（150 kg/hm）、N4（195 kg/hm）、N5（300 kg/hm）。结果表明：在氮肥用量为195 kg/hm的水平下,籽粒获得最高产量, N1处理产量最低。其余茎中干物质对籽粒贡献率最大,而颖壳是灌浆期干物质转运最先发生的部位。N4处理下花后干物质积累最大,而花前同化物转运率最小, N1和N2处理花前同化物对籽粒的贡献率最大,N5处理花后干物质积累小于N4,说明合理的增施氮肥可增加灌浆期光合同化物积累,从而提高产量。     

东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙、丽纹龙蜥心脏的比较组织学研究

采用H．E．染色、显微镜观察法对东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙、丽纹龙蜥的心脏进行研究．结果显示：东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙心脏结构基本相同,丽纹龙蜥的心脏与二者有一定差别．3种动物的心脏均为两心房一心室,但丽纹龙蜥的心室开始出现不完全分隔,为不完全的双循环系统;红细胞均为有核红细胞;心脏壁有内、中、外3层结构,分别为心内膜、心肌层及心外膜．心内膜位于心脏内层,表面是一层不规则的多角形内皮细胞,胞核为椭圆形．心肌层主要由心肌纤维构成,心肌纤维间充满结缔组织和血管．心肌纤维由心肌细胞组成,胞核呈圆形或椭圆形,位于细胞中央．心外膜位于外层,由结缔组织构成,内含较多弹性纤维．3种动物心脏结构的差别是两栖类、爬行类动物在进化过程中对环境不断适应的结果．     

海洋L形立管系统不稳定流简化计算模型

根据严重段塞流4个阶段的特点,针对L形立管系统不稳定流建立了一维准平衡态简化计算模型,其忽略摩阻和加速度的影响,立管中气相穿透过程应用漂移流模型。气相穿透、气液喷发阶段采用特征线方法求解,并引入气相密度偏移修正过程,能够对典型严重段塞流和液塞长度小于立管高度的过渡严重段塞流进行模拟。将模型计算结果与实验室结果以及其他文献的实验数据进行对比,结果表明模型能够对L形立管系统中的两相不稳定流动进行较准确的模拟。（图2,表3,参16）。