关中地区规模化奶山羊养殖场机器挤奶现状及建议

对陕西省关中地区31个不同规模的奶山羊养殖场使用机器挤奶的相关数据及资料进行分析。结果表明,不同奶山羊养殖场规模、挤奶设备、挤奶时间、质检方式和羊奶售价等方面均存在差异;机器挤奶流程、挤奶次数和环境卫生等影响到奶山羊乳房健康和羊奶品质。应加强对养殖场挤奶机器的管理,规范机器挤奶技术流程,提高奶山羊养殖场生产效益。     

寄生橡胶树叶上的头孢藻

由头孢藻引起的藻斑病在世界各国热带和亚热带地区的很多植物物种上均有报道。弄清寄生橡胶树叶上寄生藻的种类、为害症状以及不同橡胶树品系和环境对寄生藻发生为害的影响，为橡胶树藻斑病防治提供参考依据。通过田间调查、观察其为害特性症状；采集藻斑病标本，切片显微观察寄生藻在宿主组织内和表面的寄生习性；提取寄生藻的DNA，分析比对其核糖体小亚基基因序列。结合寄生藻的形态和核糖体小亚基(18S rRNA)基因序列分析结果，将本研究发现的橡胶树藻类叶斑病原物鉴定为茂盛头孢藻，这是首次在我国大陆橡胶树上发现由该寄生藻引起的橡胶树叶斑病。结果表明，种植于不同坡向、相同品系的橡胶树受害程度不一样，种植在阴坡的病害级别要高于阳坡的；同一株橡胶树上层树冠叶受害最轻，下层树冠叶受害最重；相比较而言橡胶树品系云研272较为抗病。     

New Grouped Harvesting-Based Population Structures of Cotton

The construction of rational population structures is an important cultivation basis to achieve high yield and quality of cotton. ‘Small-sized plant under high plant density’, ‘moderate-sized plant under moderate plant density’ and ‘large-sized plant under low plant density’ are three types of traditional cotton population structures in China, which have been widely used in China's major cotton planting regions of Northwest inland, Yellow River and Yangtze River valley, respectively, and have played key roles in achieving stable and high yields of cotton in the nation. However, in the new era of cotton industry development, there occur such disadvantages that the traditional population structures are not suitable for grouped harvesting as well as both fiber quality and production efficiency improvements. The exploration of new population structures has become an important approach in the new period of cotton cultivation. In this paper, we concisely reviewed the main features and the disadvantages of traditional population structures. Based on the needs of light and cost-saving cultivation as well as quality improving and efficiency increasing in the new era, it was suggested that constructing 3 new types of population structures adapted to grouped harvesting, ‘reduced plant density with healthy plants’, ‘increased plant density with robust plants’, and ‘direct seeding and close planting with short plants’ to substitute the three traditional structures. On this basis, the key indicators and regulation technologies of the 3 new population structures were mainly discussed, and the future development of the new population structures both in research and practice were also prospected.     

乡村振兴视域下山区农业发展路径——以皖南山区黄山市精致农业发展为例

以皖南山区黄山市为例对精致农业发展情况进行了分析,重点从3个方面阐述了其存在的问题和不足,之后从5个方面系统探讨在实施乡村振兴战略背景下提升山区精致农业发展的有效途径.     

南方粳稻生产与发展研究及对策

发展粳稻生产是我国稻作生产研究领域的一个重点。本文重点阐述了南方稻区粳稻生产概况,分析了生产发展过程中存在的问题,进而提出南方粳稻发展对策,最后总结了南方粳稻生产发展需要注意的事项。     

3％吡氟酰草胺颗粒剂防除水稻移栽田阔叶杂草田间药效试验

为了明确防除水稻移栽田阔叶杂草的有效药剂,研究3%吡氟酰草胺颗粒剂对水稻移栽田阔叶杂草的防除效果及对水稻的安全性。水稻移栽前1 d在田块均匀撒施药剂,药后20、40 d对水稻的生长和阔叶杂草的防效进行调查。结果表明,3%吡氟酰草胺颗粒剂能有效防除丁香蓼(Ludwigia prostrata)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata)等一年生阔叶杂草,施药后对杂草生长的抑制作用明显,对水稻安全,推荐施用3%吡氟酰草胺颗粒剂用药量135～225 g (a.i.)/hm~2。     

青岛市奶牛粪便年排放量估算研究及污染防治对策

随着奶牛养殖业的规模化发展,养殖场粪污成为我国当前重要的污染源之一,其处理和利用成为限制奶业健康和可持续发展的重要因素,其无害化处理和资源化利用也受到广泛关注。为探讨奶牛养殖场粪污处理模式,本文对青岛市奶牛年粪污排放量进行估算。结果表明,2012年青岛市奶牛粪便排放量为265.91万t,COD排放量高达41 944.42t,总氮、总磷排放量分别为17 499.46t和1 874.53t,说明奶牛粪污产生的环境问题已不容忽视;结合青岛市奶牛养殖业生产现状,提出了养殖污染的防治对策,以期实现资源循环利用,促进奶牛养殖业健康发展。     

土耳其养蜂业

养蜂是土耳其的传统产业。在安纳托利亚,养蜂有9000年的历史。世界上第一条养蜂的法律被称为赫梯小报(the Hittite Tabloids),它制定于4000年前的土耳其。在赫梯朝圣者的烧瓶中发现了装有黑种草的草籽,里面混合有蜂蜜、蜂蜡和蜂胶。