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121.
Successful engraftment of cultured autologous mesenchymal stem cells in a surgically repaired soft palate defect in an adult horse 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Bianca Carstanjen Christophe Desbois Mehrak Hekmati Luc Behr 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2006,70(2):143-147
The objective of this study was to graft autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the site of surgical repair of a soft palate defect in an adult horse in an attempt to improve wound healing and to investigate whether the transplanted MSCs would integrate into the soft palate structure and participate in regeneration. Bone marrow was collected from an adult horse with a full-thickness soft palate defect. The MSCs were isolated, cultured in monolayers, and labeled with 5-bromo-2-desoxymidine (BrdU) and chloromethylbenzamido-DiI-derived (cm-DiI) before transplantation. The soft palate defect was repaired by mandibular symphysiotomy, and the labeled MSCs were injected into the repaired soft palate. Postmortem examination revealed that 90% of the soft palate defect had been sutured. Staining by BrdU and cm-DiI was intense in the soft palate tissue. Labeled MSCs were detected in tissue slices from the injection sites. The cells were organized in a manner similar to that in native soft palate tissue, indicating successful engraftment. 相似文献
122.
Croucher NJ Harris SR Fraser C Quail MA Burton J van der Linden M McGee L von Gottberg A Song JH Ko KS Pichon B Baker S Parry CM Lambertsen LM Shahinas D Pillai DR Mitchell TJ Dougan G Tomasz A Klugman KP Parkhill J Hanage WP Bentley SD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):430-434
Epidemiological studies of the naturally transformable bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae have previously been confounded by high rates of recombination. Sequencing 240 isolates of the PMEN1 (Spain(23F)-1) multidrug-resistant lineage enabled base substitutions to be distinguished from polymorphisms arising through horizontal sequence transfer. More than 700 recombinations were detected, with genes encoding major antigens frequently affected. Among these were 10 capsule-switching events, one of which accompanied a population shift as vaccine-escape serotype 19A isolates emerged in the USA after the introduction of the conjugate polysaccharide vaccine. The evolution of resistance to fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, and macrolides was observed to occur on multiple occasions. This study details how genomic plasticity within lineages of recombinogenic bacteria can permit adaptation to clinical interventions over remarkably short time scales. 相似文献
123.
Philippot P Van Zuilen M Lepot K Thomazo C Farquhar J Van Kranendonk MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5844):1534-1537
Microscopic sulfides with low 34S/32S ratios in marine sulfate deposits from the 3490-million-year old Dresser Formation, Australia, have been interpreted as evidence for the presence of early sulfate-reducing organisms on Earth. We show that these microscopic sulfides have a mass-independently fractionated sulfur isotopic anomaly (Delta33S) that differs from that of their host sulfate (barite). These microscopic sulfides could not have been produced by sulfate-reducing microbes, nor by abiologic processes that involve reduction of sulfate. Instead, we interpret the combined negative delta34S and positive Delta33S signature of these microscopic sulfides as evidence for the early existence of organisms that disproportionate elemental sulfur. 相似文献
124.
Barrangou R Fremaux C Deveau H Richards M Boyaval P Moineau S Romero DA Horvath P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5819):1709-1712
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a distinctive feature of the genomes of most Bacteria and Archaea and are thought to be involved in resistance to bacteriophages. We found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated new spacers derived from phage genomic sequences. Removal or addition of particular spacers modified the phage-resistance phenotype of the cell. Thus, CRISPR, together with associated cas genes, provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificity is determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity. 相似文献
125.
Toudic B Garcia P Odin C Rabiller P Ecolivet C Collet E Bourges P McIntyre GJ Hollingsworth MD Breczewski T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5859):69-71
Numerous crystalline materials, including those of bioorganic origin, comprise incommensurate sublattices whose mutual arrangement is described in a superspace framework exceeding three dimensions. We report direct observation by neutron diffraction of superspace symmetry breaking in a solid-solid phase transition of an incommensurate host-guest system: the channel inclusion compound of nonadecane/urea. Strikingly, this phase transition generates a unit cell doubling that concerns only the modulation of one substructure by the other-an internal variable available only in superspace. This unanticipated pathway for degrees of freedom to rearrange leads to a second phase transition, which again is controlled by the higher dimensionality of superspace. These results reveal nature's capacity to explore the increased number of phases allowed in aperiodic crystals. 相似文献
126.
Genetic surveys reveal the diversity of bacteria and lead to the questioning of species concepts used to categorize bacteria. One difficulty in defining bacterial species arises from the high rates of recombination that results in the transfer of DNA between relatively distantly related bacteria. Barriers to this process, which could be used to define species naturally, are not apparent. Here, we review conceptual models of bacterial speciation and describe our computer simulations of speciation. Our findings suggest that the rate of recombination and its relation to genetic divergence have a strong influence on outcomes. We propose that a distinction be made between clonal divergence and sexual speciation. Hence, to make sense of bacterial diversity, we need data not only from genetic surveys but also from experimental determination of selection pressures and recombination rates and from theoretical models. 相似文献
127.
Christophe Tourenq Robert E. Bennetts Hubert Kowalski Emmanuel Vialet Jean-Laurent Lucchesi Yves Kayser Paul Isenmann 《Biological conservation》2001,100(3):335-343
Rice cultivation has frequently been suggested to provide an important wetland habitat for waterbirds. However, in contrast to most other regions of the Mediterranean, the Camargue still has a substantial amount of surface area of natural marshes. Thus, we compared the abundance, species richness, and community composition of waterbirds in ricefields and natural marshes of the Camargue, during a one-year study. Based on surveys conducted at 4–7 day intervals in 1997–1998, our results suggest that natural marshes had substantially greater abundance of waterbirds, with ca. 99% of the individuals having been observed in natural marshes. Estimates of species richness and associated parameters further indicated that ricefields were clearly less rich than natural marshes. Although our results were rather striking for the Camargue, they may not be applicable to other regions because of the relatively high availability of natural marshes and differences in management of ricefields. 相似文献
128.
Aubert C Günata Z Ambid C Baumes R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):3083-3091
Changes in the volatile composition during maturation and artificial ripening of yellow-fleshed nectarines were investigated by means of GC-FID and GC-MS over three years (1999-2001). Unripe and commercially ripe fruits were placed in ripening chambers until complete ripening and compared to tree-ripe nectarines. Firmness, weight, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, organic acids, and sugars were also determined. Furthermore, the tree-ripe and artificially ripened yellow-fleshed nectarines were subjected to sensory analysis by a taste panel. In 2001, a similar experiment on white-fleshed nectarines (cv. Vermeil) was performed to compare with the results obtained on yellow-fleshed nectarines. Levels of volatiles compounds, in particular, lactones and C(13) norisoprenoids, were found to be the same or higher in the artificially ripened nectarines compared with the tree-ripe nectarines. In addition, no significant difference was observed for sweetness, sourness, and the intensities of "peach odors" or "peach aroma" in the sensory analysis between the tree-ripe samples and the artificially ripened nectarines. However, in the latter the levels of SS and the SS/TA ratio were very close to those observed in the initial unripe samples and significantly lower than those observed in tree-ripe nectarines. 相似文献
129.
Rebecka von Post Lars von Post Christophe Dayteg Marie Nilsson Brian P. Forster Stine Tuvesson 《Euphytica》2003,130(2):255-260
A non-destructive, quick DNA extraction method for barley seed is described. The method is simple and consists of drilling
out a sample from the seed, adding sodium hydroxide, heating in a microwave oven and neutralizing with Tris-HCl. The seed
DNA extract can be used directly for PCR with extra cycles added to the PCR programme compared to PCR programmes used for
leaf extracts. This protocol was developed in particular for a micro satellite marker genetically linked to barley yellow
mosaic virus resistance, but it can be applied toother markers of interest for barley breeding. The quick seed extraction
protocol makes it possible to handle thousands of samples per day. Extraction of DNA from seed also facilitates transfer of
plant material compared to the long-distance transfer of leaf samples.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
130.
Christophe Pampoulie Thóra Dögg Jörundsdóttir Agnar Steinarsson Gróa Pétursdóttir Magnús Örn Stefánsson Anna Kristín Daníelsdóttir 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(2):556-564
Microsatellite DNA loci and the Pantophysin locus (Pan I) were used to investigate levels of genetic diversity within farmed strains of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and to compare them with the wild source population. A total of 282 farmed samples originating from a spawning ground off the south-west coast of Iceland were sampled in the years 2002 and 2003, and 258 wild cod were collected at the same spawning ground in the same years. The farmed strains exhibited a lower mean number of alleles and allelic diversity than the wild samples at the microsatellite loci. Significant differences were observed between wild and farmed samples both in allele and genotype frequencies at the Pan I locus. We argue that the genetic divergence of wild and farmed samples of Atlantic cod may be due to a small number of effective founding breeders contributing to the genetic variation of the farmed strains, inducing a reduction in allelic diversity. We discuss the potential effect of breeding practices on the genetic diversity of Atlantic cod. 相似文献