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91.
The inhibiting effect of nitrate fertilisation on methane uptake of a temperate forest soil is influenced by labile carbon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ann-Catrin Fender Birgit Pfeiffer Dirk Gansert Christoph Leuschner Rolf Daniel Hermann F. Jungkunst 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(6):621-631
Upland soils are the most important terrestrial sink for the greenhouse gas CH4. The oxidation of CH4 is highly influenced by reactive N which is increasingly added to many ecosystems by atmospheric deposition and thereby also alters the labile C pool in the soils. The interacting effects of soil N availability and the labile C pool on CH4 oxidation are not well understood. We conducted a laboratory experiment with soil columns consisting of homogenised topsoil material from a temperate broad-leaved forest to study the net CH4 flux under the combined or isolated addition of NO 3 ? and glucose as a labile C source. Addition of NO 3 ? and glucose reduced the net CH4 uptake of the soil by 86% and 83%, respectively. The combined addition of both agents led to a nearly complete inhibition of CH4 uptake (reduction by 99.4%). Our study demonstrates a close link between the availability of C and N and the rate of CH4 oxidation in temperate forest soils. Continued deposition of NO 3 ? has the potential to reduce the sink strength of temperate forest soils for CH4. 相似文献
92.
Bioenergy is becoming an important option in Global Change mitigation policy world‐wide. In agriculture, cultivation of energy crops for biodiesel, biogas, or bioethanol production received considerable attention in the past decades. Beyond this, the cultivation of Miscanthus, used as solid fuel for combustion, may lead to an increase in soil organic matter content compared to other agricultural land use, since C‐sequestration potential in soils of Miscanthus crops is high due to, e.g., high amounts of harvest residues. This may indirectly contribute to a reduction of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The objective of the present work was to investigate the development of soil organic carbon and Miscanthus‐derived C contents, as well as to estimate carbon stocks in soils cultivated with Miscanthus using 13C‐natural‐abundance technique. The investigations were carried out in relation to soil depth up to 150 cm in a sequence of 2, 5, and 16 y of cultivation relative to a reference soil cultivated with cereals. Amounts of total organic C (TOC) and Miscanthus‐derived C (Miscanthus‐C) increased with increasing duration of cultivation. For example, TOC increased from 12.8 to 21.3 g C kg–1 after 16 y of cultivation at the depth of 0–15 cm, whereby the portion of Miscanthus‐C reached 5.8 g C kg–1. Also within deeper soil layers down to 60 cm depth a significant enhancement of Miscanthus‐C was detectable even though TOC contents were not significantly enhanced. At soil depth below 60 cm, no significant differences between treatments were found for Miscanthus‐C. Within 16 y of continuous commercial farming, Miscanthus stands accumulated a total of 17.7 Mg C ha–1 derived from Miscanthus residues (C4‐C), which is equivalent to 1.1 Mg C4‐C ha–1 y–1. The annual surplus might function as CO2 credit within a greenhouse‐gas balance. Moreover, the beneficial properties of Miscanthus cultivation combined with a low requirement on fertilization may justify the status of Miscanthus as a sustainable low‐input bioenergy crop. 相似文献
93.
Jaine H. H. L. de Oliveira Mirna H. R. Seleghim Christoph Timm Achim Grube Matthias K?ck Gislene G.F. Nascimento Ana Claudia T. Martins Elissa G. O. Silva Ana Olívia de Souza Paulo R. R. Minarini Fabio C. S. Galetti Célio L. Silva Eduardo Hajdu Roberto G. S. Berlinck 《Marine drugs》2006,4(1):1-8
Cyclostellettamines A – F (1 – 6) isolated from the sponge Pachychalina sp. and cyclostellettamines G - I, K and L (7 – 11) obtained by synthesis were evaluated in bioassays of antimicrobial activity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, as well as in antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv bioassays. The results obtained indicated that cyclostellettamines display different antimicrobial activity depending on the alkyl-chain size, suggesting that, if a mechanism-of action is implied, it is dependent on the distance between the two pyridinium moieties of cyclostellettamines. 相似文献
94.
Rzeppa S Von Bargen C Bittner K Humpf HU 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10594-10603
Concentrations of the main dimeric and trimeric procyanidins (PC) and their monomeric constitutive units catechin (CT) and epicatechin (EC) were determined in food samples by using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). In a first step, 12 PCs (PC B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, C1, C2, and A2 and cinnamtannin B1), of which most are not commercially available, were isolated from plant materials or synthesized and purified by a combination of column chromatographic separation techniques with different stationary phases. These PCs in combination with CT and EC were used as standard substances for identification and quantification during the following screening of food samples by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The main focus of the newly developed RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method is the compensation of matrix effects by using the echo-peak technique simulating internal standard injection. The suitability of this new method was demonstrated by the determination of recovery rates being 90% or higher. Use of this method allowed the determination of patterns and concentrations of PCs in 55 food samples. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Adrian Boswood Sonya G. Gordon Jens Häggström Martin Vanselow Gerhard Wess Rebecca L. Stepien Mark A. Oyama Bruce W. Keene John Bonagura Kristin A. MacDonald Mark Patteson Sarah Smith Philip R. Fox Karen Sanderson Richard Woolley Viktor Szatmári Pierre Menaut Whitney M. Church M. Lynne O'Sullivan Jean-Philippe Jaudon Jan-Gerd Kresken John Rush Kirstie A. Barrett Steven L. Rosenthal Ashley B. Saunders Ingrid Ljungvall Michael Deinert Eric Bomassi Amara H. Estrada Maria J. Fernandez Del Palacio N. Sydney Moise Jonathan A. Abbott Yoko Fujii Alan Spier Michael W. Luethy Roberto A. Santilli Masami Uechi Anna Tidholm Christoph Schummer Philip Watson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(3):1108-1118
98.
99.
Richard Waring Alan Nordmeyer David Whitehead John Hunt Michael Newton Christoph Thomas James Irvine 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,255(12):4040-4046
Douglas-fir (Pseudotusga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), a native to the Pacific Coast Range in North America, is recognized as a tree that is long-lived and can grow rapidly to standing volumes that approach the highest recorded for temperate conifers. Managed plantations in western Oregon register maximum periodic annual increments (PAI) at ages between 20 and 40 years of ∼30 m3 ha−1 year−1. The same seed source, when planted in New Zealand and elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere, may attain a PAI of ∼50 m3 ha−1 year−1. Is this higher productivity mainly related to climate or to isolation from native pests? To evaluate the role of climate, we obtained meteorological data from plantation sites in New Zealand and Oregon, from which we established relationships between mean monthly temperature extremes and solar irradiance, air humidity deficits, and frost frequency. Using these empirical relationships, long-term weather records were converted to the meteorological variables required to drive a process-based forest growth model, 3-PG, for sites approaching the most productive in New Zealand and in Oregon. Annual precipitation is similar in both areas, but sites in Oregon receive only 10% during the growing season, resulting in humidity deficits 30% larger than those recorded in New Zealand. According to sensitivity analyses and direct measurements, the more productive Douglas-fir forests in Oregon avoid the limiting effects of summer drought by obtaining water from the subsoil and fractured bedrock. If such forests were under a reduced evaporative demand similar to that in New Zealand, we show that they would exhibit comparable productivity. 相似文献
100.
From Framework to Forest Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Different Ownership Types in Two Adjacent Regions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper examines the interactions between the demands of society, the restrictions due to recreational and protective functions
of forests and the intensity and kind of forest management in the various ownership classes in Switzerland (CH) and Baden–Württemberg
(BW) in south–west Germany. A survey was carried out among owners of communal forests, private forest landholders owning more
than 200 ha of forest land and small-scale forest enterprises with up to 200 ha of forest land. The survey adopted a two-dimensional
approach, using regions and comparable ownership classes in order to identify basic differences and underlying key drivers.
It became obvious that there are relevant distinctions between the two countries. The paper highlights the present use of
forests, the restrictions perceived by their owners, and the underlying management strategies in terms of structure of the
forests, tree species composition and thinning activities. In BW the financial function is the dominant motivation for the
majority of the private owners. The communities emphasize both timber and non-timber functions of their forests. Except for
the protection function (avalanches, rockslides) the utilisation and importance of the forest in CH is lower than in BW. Profitability
of forests continues to be a key-driver of intensity of forest management activities, but there is less influence on the choice
of basic silvicultural strategies. The results of this comparative survey are placed in the context of a forest policy framework
and the medium-term financial situation in the two countries.
相似文献
Christoph HartebrodtEmail: |