粤西8年生加勒比松施肥效果研究

【目的】研究阳江8年生古巴加勒比松Pinus caribaea var.caribaea人工林对氮磷钾不同配比及与微量元素混施的肥效反应。【方法】设定17个氮磷钾不同配比及与微量元素混施的追肥处理,15个月后监测古巴加勒比松的生长量和养分。【结果】协方差分析结果表明,N(21.5 g·株~(-1))、P_2O_5(30 g·株~(-1))的配比处理效果最好。单株施用50 g尿素+250 g钙镁磷肥+25 g氯化钾处理15个月后,单株材积增量比空白对照平均可提高23.6%。加磷(N_2P_1K_2、N_2P_2K_2)比无磷处理(N_2P_0K_2)的生长量显著增大。另外,在氮磷钾相同情况下,添加硼对材积也有显著促进作用。【结论】磷与硼是影响郁闭后加勒比松生长的重要元素。氮磷配比对肥效反应有重要调控作用。     

甘肃黑猪血浆蛋白多态性与初生重、早期日增重关系的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE)对 37头甘肃黑猪合成系猪的转铁蛋白 (Tf)、前白蛋白 (Pa)、脂酶 (Es)、淀粉酶 1 (Am1 )、淀粉酶 2(Am2 ) 5个蛋白质基因座的多态性进行了检测。并运用通用线性模型分析了这 5个蛋白质基因座的共 1 7种基因型对初生重、 45日龄内平均日增重的相关效应。结果表明Am1AA型具有显著提高初生重的效应 ,PaAA型具有显著提高 45日龄内平均日增重的效应。因此这 2个位点可望用于标记辅助选择。     

Complete nucleotide sequences of S1 and N genes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Japan and Taiwan

The complete nucleotide sequences of the S1 and N genes of three Japanese and one Taiwanese field strains of IBV are reported. These Japanese strains were found to have S1 sequences most similar to those of Australian strains and N sequences most similar to those of North American strains. This result suggested that these Japanese strains might all be recombinant viruses derived from recombination of Australia- and North America-related viruses. Moreover, the S1 proteins of all these Japanese and Taiwanese strains exhibit only a limited sequence homology to strains of Massachusetts and Connecticut serotypes that have been commonly used as vaccine strains. This result high lightens the importance of development of vaccines based on the local strains of IBV.     

Can fog contribute to the nutrition of Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana? Uptake of a fog solute tracer into foliage and transport to roots

Yellow cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. var. formosana (Hayata) Rehder) is the predominant tree species of Taiwan's nutrient-poor, mountain fog forests. Little is known about the potential contribution of solute uptake from fog to the overall nutrition of these trees. Shoots of yellow cypress seedlings were misted with artificial fog containing the tracer rubidium (Rb) in laboratory and field experiments to determine if there is solute uptake from the fog. After misting shoots for six weeks, substantial amounts of tracer were detected in unexposed roots by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy bulk analysis. Possible routes of entry were examined by element imaging with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Direct uptake of the tracer into leaves across the cuticle and epidermis was small, excluding this as the major uptake path. Accumulations of Rb were found on leaf surfaces along the edges of the leaves. The almost daily changes in fog coverage and air humidity may enhance the accumulation of fog solutes at leaf edges. Accumulation of Rb was also found in narrow clefts between opposite leaves and between the outermost and underlying alternating stacked leaves. The clefts provide a direct passage from the leaf surface to the space beneath the imbricate leaves and the underlying alternate leaves, possibly facilitating solute uptake from fog, which in turn may contribute to the nutrition of yellow cypress.     

Discoloration induced by Raffaelea quercivora isolates in Quercus serrata logs and its relation to phylogeny: a comparison among isolates with and without the Japanese oak wilt incidence including outside of Japan

Japanese oak wilt (JOW) has been prevalent in Japan since the late 1980s. Infections of the fungus, Raffaelea quercivora Kubono et Shin. Ito, which is transmitted by an ambrosia beetle [Platypus quercivorus (Murayama)], can cause JOW. Although R. quercivora, P. quercivorus, and oak trees are distributed in other Asia–Pacific countries, the incidence of JOW has not been reported outside Japan. In this study, we collected R. quercivora isolates from 5 Asian countries, including Japan, and compared their ability to induce sapwood discoloration by inoculating Q. serrata logs. The tangential widths of the discoloration in sapwoods inoculated with non-Japanese isolates were equivalent to or greater than those of the 2 Japanese isolates. This indicates that a lack of JOW incidence outside Japan is not because of the lowered ability of R. quercivora to spread discoloration compared with the Japanese isolates. Statistical analyses of the relationship between discoloration and phylogeny based on DNA sequences of actin and chitin synthase showed that the discoloration width was independent of phylogenetic relatedness among the isolates. To discuss why the occurrence of JOW has not been reported outside Japan, further studies (e.g., on host susceptibility and P. quercivorus aggression) throughout Asia are needed.     

Protective Role of Comfrey Leave Extracts on UV-induced Zebrafish Fin Damage

In zebrafish, UV exposure leads to fin malformation phenotypes including fin reduction or absence. The present study evaluated UV-protective activities of comfrey leaves extracts in a zebrafish model by recording fin morphological changes. Chemopreventive effects of comfrey leave extracts were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. The results showed that (1) the mean times of return to normal fin in the UV+comfrey (50 and 100 ppm) groups were 3.43 and 2.86 days and were quicker compared with that in the UV only group (4.21 days); (2) zebrafish fins in the UV+comfrey (50 and 100 ppm) groups were 2.05 and 3.25 times more likely to return to normal than those in the UV only group; and (3) comfrey leave extracts had UV-absorbance abilities and significantly reduced ROS production in UV-exposed zebrafish embryos, which may attenuate UV-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, comfrey leaves extracts may have the potential to be developed as UV-protective agents to protect zebrafish embryos from UV-induced damage.     

Myxovirus-like structures in a case of human chronic polymyositis

Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic aggregates of filaments with tubular structures and transverse striations occurred in muscle tissues biopsied from a patient with chronic polymyositis. The filamentous tubules bear a close resemblance to the incomplete form of myxovirus in which the envelope is missing. Three biopsies from the same patient, taken during a period of 1(1/2) years, all revealed these structures. This finding provides presumptive evidence that a chronic persistent viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic polymyositis.     

中国蛾蜡蝉科一新记录属一新种（同翅目：蜡蝉总科）

本文记述了蛾蜡蝉科Ｆｌａｔｉｄａｅ国内一新记录属和一新种，模式标本保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆