关于运用市场机制发展生态生产的设想

随着国家对退耕还林(草)补贴届满的临近,退耕还林(草)的后续政策成为理论界和农民关注的焦点。在简要分析了目前有关“退耕还林”后续政策理论以及实践中存在的问题的基础上,提出了通过新的制度安排,促使生态市场的形成,用市场机制引导农户发展生态生产的设想。     

Preliminary study of community development and scleractinian recruitment on fibreglass artificial reef units in the sedimented waters of Singapore

• 1. Fibreglass was used to make specially designed reef enhancement units (REUs) for three reef sites in Singapore. Units were established in areas measuring approximately 20 × 50 m.
• 2. The units are compact and light enough to be deployed from small boats by scuba divers, and are suitable for shallow reefs with limited visibility.
• 3. The design of the REUs precludes excessive sediment build‐up on the settlement surfaces, while allowing water currents to flow through the system.
• 4. The REUs were monitored monthly over two years to observe community development and scleractinian coral recruitment on the exterior surfaces. Recruitment was compared between REUs and rubble quadrats at one study site.
• 5. The REUs were colonized by turf algae within the first month, followed by crustose coralline algae, macroalgae, ascidians and hydroids. At the end of two years, the percentage cover of crustose coralline algae at all three sites was more than 50%.
• 6. The first incidence of coral recruitment was six months post deployment, and recruitment rates at the end of the monitoring period ranged from 0.10 to 4.75 recruits per square metre for the three sites. Recruits show better survival and growth on REUs compared to rubble areas.
• 7. The most abundant recruit was Pocillopora damicornis, followed by favids, acroporids and poritids.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三套鉴别品种对云南高原粳稻白叶枯病菌致病型的鉴定比较

为了明确高原粳稻白叶枯病菌的致病型及其致病性变异,采用剪叶接种法,用三套鉴别品种对云南高原粳稻白叶枯病菌10个代表性菌株进行致病型鉴定比较.结果表明,云南高原粳稻区菌株的致病性具有特殊性,以毫糯扬、TN1、黄玉、珍珠矮、IR26、南粳33和金南风组成的鉴别品种对其致病型的鉴定效果最佳;菌株Q-1-2在国内公认的两套鉴别品种上的抗性反应模式分别是SRRSR和SRRRSR,不同于已发表的所有菌株;稻种资源毫糯扬、IRBB14、IRBB3、IRBB4和IRBB5等对所用菌株都表现抗病,其所携带的抗性基因在云南高原粳稻育种中具有利用价值.     

蜂王浆在提高人体免疫力及解决围绝经期女性症状方面的研究进展

为了全面了解蜂王浆在提高人体免疫力以及围绝经期妇女对症治疗方面的作用，以及临床使用的剂量、可能遇到的不良反应等，为在疫情背景下，充分发挥王浆的作用，缓解相关症状，帮助重点人群尤其是围绝经期女性用食疗的办法解决问题，以避免给身体带来痛苦和不可逆转的伤害等，本研究采用文献查询、专家访谈、重点医院和重点王浆销售终端调研等方法，通过文献和实证案例发现蜂王浆内的活性物质对提高人体免疫力、改善围绝经期女性的症状具有良好的积极作用。研究得出，老年人及围绝经期女性适当食用蜂王浆可以改善身体状况。在蜂王浆科研方面，建议今后重点加强功能因子的确定、功能因子应用产品的新鲜度指标及保存条件等方面的研究，以指导重点人群合理食用蜂王浆。