Comparative study on antioxidative system in normal and vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture

To explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the occurrence of vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture, the changes in water, chlorphyll, lignin, H₂O₂, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), malonaldehyde (MDA), protective enzymatic systems, and some key enzymes involved in the ascorbate- glutathione cycle were comparatively studied in both normal and vitrified shoots of P. suaveolens. The results show that the lower activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and PAL, and the less contents of chlorphyll, lignin, ascorbate (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the lower ratios of ASA / DHA and GSH / GSSG are observed in vitrified shoots than in normal ones during the whole culture period. While in comparison with normal shoots, the higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the more concentrations of water, H₂O₂, MDA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are found in vitrified shoots. Statistical analysis indicates that the enhanced activity of SOD and the decreased activities of CAT and POD as well as some enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle might be closely correlated to the accumulation of H₂O₂. The less regeneration of ASA and GSH and the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle observed in vitrified shoots might be due to a significant decrease in APX, MDAR, DHAR and GR activities and a decline in redox status of ASA and GSH. The decreases in chlorphyll content might result in a decline in photosynthesis. The lower activities of POD and PAL could result in the decrease of lignin synthesis and cell wall ligination, which might be the key factor leading to the increase in water content. It is concluded that the deficiency of detoxification capacity caused by the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and the decreased activity of protective enzymatic system might lead to the large accumulation of H₂O₂ and the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation, which might be the main cause leading to the occurrence of vitrifying shoots of P. suaveolens in tissue culture. [Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271093) and the Foundation of State-designated Base for Biology Researching and Teaching in Beijing Forestry University]     

人工林软质木材表面密实化新技术

采用一种新型木材改性处理剂，分别以改性异氰酸酯浓度5％、10％、15％、20％，对美国人工林火炬松（Pinus taeda）进行表面密实化处理。结果表明，随着树脂浓度的增加，无论是冷水浸泡还是煮沸，木材的吸水厚度膨胀率和压缩变形恢复率明显降低。表面密实化后，火炬松处理材的MOR和MOE值分别比素材提高43．9％和30．1％；水浸24h和煮沸2h后的湿状抗弯性能比素材略低，干状抗弯性能明显比素材高，MOR分别高28．0％和25．76％；MOE分别高22．55％和27．79％。改性异氰酸酯浸渍处理后的表面密实化木材，具有一定的阻燃效果；表面耐磨耗性能和表面硬度亦明显改善。     

多效抗旱驱鼠剂室内促长效果研究

室内用多效抗旱驱鼠剂对小麦、黄豆、油松、侧柏种子进行浸种、拌种处理。结果表明，300x的林用型和200x的农用型RPA对侧柏种子浸种效果最好，30x的林用型和80x的农用型RPA拌种效果最好，经检验分析，差异显著；500x的林用型和600x的农用型RPA对油松促长效更为明显，发芽率比对照提高25．2％－27．0％，平均高生长增加2．1－2．8cm，拌种型的两种药剂6个浓度对油松的发芽及生长影响比较明显，30x的林用型和40x的农用型可以使油松发芽率提高27．7％－29．8％，苗高增长0．6－1．3cm；对黄豆的发芽率提高12．0％－17．0％、13．8％－23．2％；侧根数量增加0．2－2．6、0．3－1．6条，平均苗高及生物量也有不同程度的提高；浸种型的RPA使小麦发芽率提高13．3％－23．3％，苗高增长5．1－7．5cm，根长增加0．6－1．8cm；拌种型RPA发芽率提高9．3％－22．6％，苗高增长4．7－6．6cm，根长增加0．4－1．6cm。     

慈溪栀子花病虫发生情况及其防治措施

介绍了栀子花在慈溪市的主要病虫发生状况,并提出相应的防治措施.     

The Role of Mangroves in Retaining Penaeid Prawn Larvae in Klang Strait,Malaysia

The mangrove-fringed Klang Strait, Malaysia, retains approximately 65 billion penaeid prawn larvae annually prior to their settlement in coastal nursery grounds. This phenomenon appears to be due principally to tidal currents and lateral trapping in mangrove-fringed channels, the wind playing an insignificant role.     

不同经营措施对毛竹林土壤有机碳的影响

【目的】毛竹在森林应对气候变化中发挥重要的作用,研究竹林不同经营措施的影响,进而了解植被生物量碳库及影响土壤碳库的状况。【方法】利用两因素随机区组设计,排除地形因子等影响,选取施肥和采伐留养方式2个因素,研究不同经营措施对毛竹林各土层2010—2013年土壤有机碳含量和贮量变化影响。【结果】1)不同经营措施0~10 cm层土壤有机碳含量变化最大,介于-0.52%(±0.62%)~0.75%±(0.44%)之间,其中A2B3(中等施肥弱度采伐)与A1B1(大量施肥强度采伐)土壤有机碳含量变化量差异极显著(P<0.01);2)中等施肥0~50 cm土壤有机碳贮量增量分别是大量施肥和不施肥的3.61倍和5.05倍,大量施肥和中等施肥0~10 cm层土壤有机碳贮量变化差异显著(P<0.05);3)弱度采伐0~50 cm土壤有机碳贮量增量分别是强度采伐和中度采伐的5.51倍和1.63倍,强度采伐和弱度采伐0~10 cm层土壤有机碳贮量变化差异显著(P<0.05);4)不同经营措施0~50 cm土壤有机碳贮量变化介于-15.56(±10.21)~53.15(±37.81)t C·hm-2之间,其中A2B3(中等施肥弱度采伐)与A1B1(大量施肥强度采伐)土壤有机碳贮量变化差异极显著(P<0.01);5)结合效应图得出结论,A2B3(中等施肥弱度采伐)的经营方案对0~50 cm土壤有机碳含量和贮量的积累效果最佳,而A1B1(大量施肥强度采伐)的经营方案最不利于0~50 cm土壤有机碳含量和贮量的积累。【结论】大量施肥强度采伐方式虽然可以保证竹材的大量输出,却会破坏原有的竹林生态结构,同时对土壤碳含量和贮量的影响尤为不利,从毛竹林生态系统碳汇积累角度考虑,并不是最可取的竹林经营方式。同时经营过程中,不同经营措施不仅会对土壤碳库产生影响,更会显著改变植被碳库状况,并伴随着碳排放和碳泄漏问题,这都将成为我们今后研究经营对竹林生态系统碳综合影响的各个因素和环节。     

蔬菜移栽机栽植静轨迹可调式鸭嘴栽植装置设计与试验

蔬菜移栽机在膜上移栽时,只能在较小的范围内调整株距,以保证较小栽植穴口,株距过大会造成栽植器前移撕膜,过小会导致栽植器后移带膜,形成较大穴口,影响幼苗后期生长,为此设计一套栽植静轨迹无级可调的往复式鸭嘴栽植装置。在分析栽植装置结构特点、工作过程及调整构件尺寸参数和安装参数以实现不同株距较小穴口栽植原理的基础上,提出了一套栽植静轨迹无级可调的栽植机构及其栽植方法。通过建立机构的运动学模型,开发了可视化辅助设计软件,分析了各参数对栽植特性的影响,使用逐步逼近法确定了一组满足要求的参数：L₁=35 mm、L₂=350 mm、L₃=70 mm、L₅=280 mm、d_D=358 mm、Φ₄=15°、x_B=20 mm,标定了株距每间隔50 mm对应的支点B纵坐标y_B的位置。根据机构参数组合设计了鸭嘴栽植装置并建立了三维模型,进行了运动学仿真,验证了鸭嘴栽植装置结构设计的可行性。开展了实验室样机试验,试验结果表明：栽植株距在1...     

Effect of the molecular mass and degree of substitution of oleoylchitosan on the structure, rheological properties, and formation of nanoparticles

Oleoylchitosans (O-chitosans), with different molecular masses and degrees of substitution (DS), were synthesized by reacting chitosan with oleoyl chloride. The FT-IR suggested the formation of an amide linkage between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups of oleic acid. The viscosity of O-chitosan sharply increased with the increase of concentration, whereas that of unmodified chitosan rose only slightly. This increase was stronger as the increase of hydrophobicity (DS) and molecular mass of the polymer. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of O-chitosans with DS 5, 11, and 27% were 79.43, 31.6, 10 mg/L, respectively, and the CAC of samples with molecular masses of 20, 38, 300, and 1100 kDa were 50.1, 74.93, 125.9, and 630.9 mg/L, respectively. All of the O-chitosans could reduce surface tension slightly. Nanoparticles were prepared using an O/W emulsification method. Mean diameters of the polymeric amphiphilic nanoparticles of O-chitosans with DS 5 and 11% were around 327.4 and 275.3 nm, respectively.     

Comparison of effectiveness of introduced barn owls,Tyto javanica javanica,and rodenticide treatments on rat control in oil palm plantations

Journal of Pest Science - In Peninsular Malaysia, barn owls (Tyto javanica javanica) have been utilized as biological control of rats since the 1960s. In this study, the impact of introduced barn...