以嗜酸乳杆菌发酵虾头虾壳回收蛋白质和甲壳素的研究

利用嗜酸乳杆菌发酵虾头、虾壳,结合虾头、虾壳中内源蛋白酶的自溶作用,回收蛋白质和甲壳素。研究了影响发酵的因素并优化了发酵条件,分析了用稀盐酸脱除粗甲壳素(即发酵残渣)中的矿物质,制备食用级甲壳素的条件。研究结果表明,添加15%葡萄糖,固液比1∶2.5,接种量15%,初始pH值6.5,于40℃发酵48 h,得到的虾头、虾壳发酵液pH值低至3.79,蛋白质水解度达到21.9%;蛋白质回收率达到95.2%,发酵残渣(粗甲壳素)中仅残留2.71%矿物质,达到工业级甲壳素的纯度要求;以稀盐酸浸泡处理粗甲壳素,当浸泡温度为50℃,浸泡时间为1.5 h,粗甲壳素脱矿物质的效果最好,甲壳素中仅残留0.2%矿物质,达到食用级甲壳素的纯度要求。     

硝酸还原酶的研究——Ⅴ.棉花硝酸还原酶活力与硝态氮含量的关系

棉花中的酚类物质对硝酸还原酶(NR)活力的体外测定有强烈抑制作用。用含半胱氨酸(5mM)和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(5mM)的磷酸缓冲液提取测不出酶活。如在磷酸缓冲液中加入酚类物质的抑制剂—聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),酶活力则显著增高。运用此法,本文在盆栽的情况下研究了棉花 NR 活力和硝态氮含量的关系。结果表明在不同棉花品种中、不     

PKS-NRPS数据库的研究进展

非核糖体多肽合成酶(NRPS)和聚酮合成酶(PKS)是调控次级代谢物聚酮类物质和非核糖体多肽合成的关键酶。随着生物息学的快速发展,国外的NRPS-PKS数据库和预测软件不断推出。本文对几个重要NRPS和PKS领域的数据库与预测软件的研究做一综述     

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析蚯蚓粪便的微生物群落结构

通过SDS/蛋白酶的方法抽提蚯蚓粪便微生物总DNA,以总DNA为模板,采用通用引物分别成功扩增细菌16S rRNA基因的V4-V5可变区,真菌18S rRNA基因的V8-V9可变区,应用单链构象多态性技术（SSCP）分析了蚯蚓粪便中不同空间层次的微生物种群的多样性。结果表明,在粪便的不同空间层次上呈现出明显的空间分布多样性,并且与纯蚯蚓粪微生物种群的多样性有很大的差别。为进一步的蚯蚓粪生态学功能研究提供了有益的指导。     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

硫酸新霉素可溶性粉在靶动物猪的安全性研究

为了客观评价硫酸新霉素可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,将32头仔猪随机分为4组,每组8头,分别设1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续混饮硫酸新霉素可溶性粉15 d,通过检测各组受试猪的临床表现、血液常规指标、血清生化指标、尿液常规指标及病理学变化等评价其临床用药的安全性。结果:硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以5倍临床推荐剂量内应用于靶动物猪后,对其临床症状、体重、血常规、血生化及尿常规等指标没有显著影响,解剖学及病理组织学检查也未见任何病理变化,说明硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量应用于靶动物猪是安全的。     

Cardiomyopathy in Dystrophin-Deficient Hypertrophic Feline Muscular Dystrophy

A colony of cats affected with hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy was used to study the occurrence of cardiomyopathy associated with dystrophin deficiency. Affected male and female cats, obligate carrier females, and unaffected healthy littermates were followed from 12 weeks of age into adulthood. Thoracic radiography, 2-D echocardiography, and 2-D-derived M-mode echocardiography were performed at 3-month intervals until 12 months of age and regularly thereafter. From 9 months of age, all affected cats had larger hearts than normal and carrier animals. Left ventricular wall thickness in systole and in diastole and interventricular septal thickness in systole were greater in affected cats 12 months and older when compared with normal or heterozygous animals (P < .05). The myocardium of affected cats was diffusely hypoechoic and thickened. Multiple hyperechoic foci were in the myocardium and papillary musculature. Shortening fraction was normal in all cats. Changes seen in carrier females included enlargement and hyperechogenicity of the papillary musculature after the age of 2 years. Gross and light microscopic examination revealed left ventricular wall thickening with multiple foci of mineralization in 2 of 5 hearts from dystrophin-deficient cats. Although approximately 10% of the normal dystrophin amount was present in the skeletal muscle, dystrophin could not be detected in the myocardium. Early onset concentric myocardial hypertrophy was present in all adult cats. Lesions were mainly localized in the myocardium of the left ventricular free wall and interventricular septum, papillary musculature, and the endocardium. Clinical signs of heart failure developed only infrequently in cats with hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy.     

关于强化我国动物防疫体系的几点思考与建议

建立健全动物防疫体系既是有效防控非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病的迫切需要,也是促进畜牧业持续健康发展、维护人民群众身体健康和动物产品质量安全的必然要求。但目前,我国动物防疫体系面临工作力量不足、基层队伍不稳、运行机制不畅、保障水平不够等问题,难以适应控制和消灭重大动物疫病、保障生猪等重要畜禽产品稳产保供的新形势新要求。建议从突出强化基层动物防疫体系、建立健全兽医卫生社会化服务体系、加快动物防疫智能化转型等三个方面发力,积极构建适合中国国情的新型动物防疫体系,切实维护畜牧业生产安全和公共卫生安全。     

Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes

It has been found that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-FGFR) signaling can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation genes. FGF9 is one of the members of FGFs that mainly binds receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. FGF9 is highly expressed in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, but there are few reports on the role of FGF9 in goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effect of FGF9 on adipocyte differentiation through cell culture, interference, and overexpression. The expression of receptors FGFR1–FGFR4 in adipocyte differentiation and their effects on differentiation were detected to screen receptor gene of FGF9. Finally, the interaction between FGF9 and the receptor was tested by cotransfection. Our results showed that FGF9 interacts with FGFR2 to inhibit goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1), which is a data support for subsequent pathway research.     

家蚕有滞育多化性品种滞育卵复式冷藏继代法的研究

利用上年中秋制种的滞育卵经复式冷藏处理,到当年夏蚕期饲养,夏制种再经中秋蚕期饲养,进行了有滞育多化性品种的省力保种试验.夏蚕期其生命力较对照组低1.2%~1.9%,生种率上升16.0%,差异达显著程度.中秋蚕期生命力高1.0%,生种率低0.9%,完全恢复正常.重复试验,结果一致.有滞育多化性品种用滞育卵复式冷藏处理一年二次省力保种是可行的.