Evidence that <Emphasis Type="Italic">ghrelin</Emphasis> may be associated with the food intake of gibel carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus gibelio</Emphasis>)

Ghrelin, a non-amidated peptide hormone, is a potent anorectic neuropeptide implicated in feeding regulation in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. However, the involvement of ghrelin in the feeding behavior of teleosts has not been well understood. To better understand the role of ghrelin in the regulation of appetite in fish, in this study, we cloned the cDNAs encoding ghrelin and investigated their mRNA distributions in gibel carp tissues. We also assessed the effects of different nutritional status on ghrelin mRNA abundance. Ghrelin mRNAs were ubiquitously expressed in ten tissues (intestine, liver, brain, mesonephron, head kidney, spleen, skin, heart, muscle, gill and pituitary gland), and relatively high expression levels were detected in the gut. Postprandial studies analysis revealed a significant postprandial decrease in ghrelin mRNA expression in the gut (1 and 3 h after the regular feeding time). In addition, ghrelin mRNA expression in the gut significantly increased at day 7 after fasting and declined sharply after refeeding, which suggested that ghrelin might be involved in the regulation of appetite in gibel carp. Overall, our result provides basis for further investigation into the regulation of feeding in gibel carp.     

从南非鲜橙上截获重要害虫坚果异胫小卷蛾

坚果异胫小卷蛾是南非果树上重要经济害虫。珠海检验检疫局曾在南非鲜橙中截获过该虫。本文对坚果异胫小卷蛾的分布、寄主及成虫形态特征进行了描述,并分析了该虫的DNA条形码检测方法。通过GenBank数据库比对分析,邻接法构建的系统发育树及BOLD数据库查询比对,可最终确定所截获害虫为坚果异胫小卷蛾。     

多维饮水抗运输应激对鸽血液皮质酮和生化指标的影响

为探究长途运输对鸽子造成应激的程度,评价多维饮水缓解鸽子运输应激的作用,本试验选取成年欧洲肉鸽40对随机分为两组,试验组运输前48 h开始饮用多维,对照组不采取任何措施直接运输,装笼前和经过2 h运输后,两组分别采集血液,测定相关指标.测定显示,运输后,试验组和对照组皮质酮(CORT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、葡萄糖(Glu)三个指标极显著上升(P<0.01),谷酰胺转肽酶(GGT)显著下降(P<0.05);谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性对照组显著提高(P<0.05),而试验组没有差异(P>0.05);白蛋白(ALB)、尿酸(UA)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平对照组没有明面差异(P>0.05),试验组明显上升(P<0.05);总蛋白(TP)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(CHO)试验组和对照组都没有产生明显差异(P>0.05).试验组运输后总蛋白(TP)浓度显著大于对照组运输后总蛋白(TP)浓度(P<0.05).结果提示,运输对鸽子的应激主要表现在心肌、肝脏的损伤,运输前通过饮用多维可有效缓解应激.     

特色饮料“生命营养液”内源菌株CICC10822的鉴定及生物学特性

[目的]鉴定特色饮料"生命营养液"内源菌株CICC 10822并了解其生物学特性。[方法]采用传统微生物学分离培养方法对30℃条件下分离得到的新疆埃杜升"生命营养液"细菌CICC 10822进行多相分类鉴定。[结果]菌株CICC 10822接触酶反应阴性,硝酸盐还原阴性,淀粉水解阴性,精氨酸双水解酶阴性;能利用葡萄糖、果糖、核糖和半乳糖,不能利用麦芽糖、木糖、甘油、乳糖、甘露糖、山梨醇、纤维二糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖,不液化明胶。利用基于形态学观察、生理生化特征分析及16S r DNA和phe S基因序列系统发育分析的微生物多相分类鉴定技术,将菌株CICC 10822鉴定为酸鱼乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidipiscis)。[结论]试验结果为今后开展针对该菌的生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

云杉叶疫病根球壳孢菌的分子检测

从四川二郎山人工云杉林分离得到云杉叶疫病病原菌,采用真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4扩增得到的序列与NCBI中的根球壳孢菌(Rhizosphaera kalkhoffi)相似度达99%。比较分析了NCBI及四川二郎山分离到的根球壳孢菌ITS区序列,采用软件primer5.0设计20个引物。通过对32株菌株DNA进行PCR扩增及产物测序,筛选得到3个特异性引物对ZYZ6、ZYZ7、ZYZ8。改变DNA模板浓度进行扩增检测,在25μL PCR反应体系中,引物对ZYZ6F/ZYZ6R检测灵敏度最高,可达到0.1 pg/μL。利用ZYZ6F/ZYZ6R对四川二郎山人工云杉针叶DNA进行检测,扩增得到310 bp左右的条带,测序结果与Gen Bank中根球壳孢菌相似度达99%。     

拔节期干旱对春玉米产量性状及抗旱性的影响

在干旱区大田条件下,选用当前生产上主推密植型玉米品种,在拔节期不同干旱胁迫度下,对其产量性状及抗旱性进行研究,结果表明,不同旱胁迫度下百粒重与产量均呈极显著正相关;随干旱胁迫程度增加,穗粒数对产量所起的直接效应明显增加,而穗粒数则与行粒数呈极显著正相关,所以百粒重是决定产量的首要因子,其次是穗粒数,而行粒数则决定了穗粒数。品种抗旱性分析结果表明,大丰30丰产性较好,而抗旱性一般;富友968抗旱性最好,而丰产性较差;潞玉36则抗旱性和丰产性均较差。     

虚拟关节臂式坐标测量机模型的构建与验证

关节臂式坐标测量机的测量误差受到众多因素的影响,且由物理构件带来的误差无法被消除。为此,笔者旨在构建一种虚拟关节臂式坐标测量机。首先,采用D-H矩阵建立其运动学模型,其次,利用PC-DMIS测量软件分析测量机数据并对模型的精确性进行检验,最后使用蒙特卡罗法和测量机模型完成仿真测量。通过与实际参数构建的模型、制造商参数构建的模型相对比,可知所构建测量机模型的测量精度能够满足要求。仿真结果表明提出的模型构建与验证方法对坐标测量的应用具有较高的工程价值。     

基于Logit-ISM模型的农户光伏房屋改造行为实施意愿影响因素研究

农户将传统民房改造为光伏房屋,不仅可以优化农村家庭能源消费结构体系,提升人居生活质量,也有利于农村绿色发展.基于山东省726份农户调研数据,先借助Logit模型确定影响农户光伏房屋改造行为实施意愿的显著影响因素,然后在此基础上运用ISM模型分析各影响因素之间的逻辑关系与层次结构.结果 表明:环保行为态度、光伏福利认知、...     

Effects of repetitive ionomycin treatment on in vitro development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos

To artificially activate embryos in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), chemical treatment with ionomycin has been used to induce transient levels of Ca(2+) and initiate reprogramming of embryos. Ca(2+) oscillation occurs naturally several times after fertilization (several times with 15- to 30-min intervals). This indicates how essential additional Ca(2+) influx is for successful reprogramming of embryos. Hence, in this report, the experimental design was aimed at improving the developmental efficiency of cloned embryos by repetitive Ca(2+) transients rather than the commonly used ionomycin treatment (4 min). To determine optimal Ca(2+) inflow conditions, we performed three different repetitive ionomycin (10 μM) treatments in reconstructed embryos: Group 1 (4-min ionomycin treatment, once), Group 2 (30-sec treatment, 4 times, 15-min intervals) and Group 3 (1-min treatment, 4 times, 15-min intervals). Pronuclear formation rates were checked to assess the effects of repetitive ionomycin treatment on reprogramming of cloned embryos. Cleavage rates were investigated on day 2, and the formation rates of blastocysts (BLs) were examined on day 7 to demonstrate the positive effect of repeated ionomycin treatment. In Group 3, a significant increase in BL formation was observed [47/200 (23.50%), 44/197 (22.33%) and 69/195 (35.38%) in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively]. Culturing embryos with different ionomycin treatments caused no significant difference among the groups in terms of the total cell number of BLs (164.3, 158.5 and 145.1, respectively). Additionally, expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene and MnSOD increased significantly in Group 3, whereas the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax decreased statistically. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that repeated ionomycin treatment is an improved activation method that can increase the developmental competence of SCNT embryos by decreasing the incidence of apoptosis.     

Successful suppression of endogenous α-1,3-galactosyltransferase expression by RNA interference in pig embryos generated in vitro

RNA interference (RNAi) technology using small interfering RNAs (siRNA) has been widely used as a powerful tool to knock down gene expression in various organisms. In pig preimplantation embryos, no attempt to suppress the target gene expression with such technology has been made. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the RNAi technology is useful for suppression of endogenous target gene expression at an early stage of development in pigs. Alpha-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (α-GalT) is an enzyme that creates the Galα1-3Gal (α-Gal) epitope on the cell surface in some mammalian species, and removal of the epitope is considered to be a prerequisite for pig-to-human xenotransplantation. We decided to suppress the endogenous α-GalT mRNA expression in pig early embryos, since reduction of α-GalT synthesis is easily monitored by cytochemical staining with Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin-B(4), a lectin that specifically binds to the α-Gal epitope, and by RT-PCR analysis. Cytoplasmic microinjection of double-stranded RNA and pronuclear injection of an siRNA expression vector into the embryos generated in vitro resulted in a significant reduction in expression of the α-GalT gene and α-Gal epitope in blastocysts, at which stage the α-Gal epitope is abundantly expressed. Somatic cell nuclear transfer of embryonic fibroblasts stably transfected with an siRNA expression vector also led to a significant reduction in the level of α-GalT mRNA synthesis together with decreased amounts of the α-Gal epitope at the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that the RNAi technology is useful for efficient suppression of a target gene expression during embryogenesis in pigs and suggest the possibility of production of siRNA-expressing pigs for use in xenotransplantation.