鸭胚骨骼肌GHR基因表达与生长发育的关系

为了研究不同品种鸭胚胎期胸肌和腿肌中GHR基因mRNA的发育变化规律,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定生长速度不同的高邮鸭和金定鸭在13日、17日、21日、25日和27日胚龄时胸肌和腿肌中GHR基因mRNA的表达水平,并分析其与胚重、胸肌重和腿肌重的关系。结果表明:GHR mRNA在两个品种鸭肌肉早期发育中表现出一致的表达规律,在胸肌中呈"波浪形",在腿肌中呈先降后升再降,然后趋于水平的表达趋势。胸肌和腿肌GHR mRNA的表达量在两个品种相同胚龄间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同性别间比较,除了在27日胚龄时,公鸭胸肌GHR mRNA略低于母鸭外,其他胚龄都是公鸭高于母鸭。在13日、17日和21日胚龄时,两个品种鸭的胸肌GHR mRNA的表达量均显著或极显著低于腿肌(P<0.05或P<0.01),而在25日和27日胚龄时,两个品种鸭的胸肌GHR mRNA的表达量均极显著高于腿肌(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,两个品种鸭胸肌中GHR mRNA的表达与其胸肌重和胚重均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);两个品种鸭腿肌中GHR mRNA的表达与其腿肌重和胚重均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。提示,肌肉中GHR基因表达具有显著的胚龄、组织和性别差异,但不存在品种差异;在鸭胚胎期,胸肌中GHR mRNA表达对胸肌重和胚重可能有正调控作用,而腿肌中GHR mRNA表达对腿肌重和胚重可能有负调控作用。     

小青×黑杨树皮虫挥发油化学成分分析

采用气相色谱、气相色谱—质谱联机的方法分析了健康和受杨圆蚧危害后的小青×黑杨 (Populus.pseudo -simonii×P .nigra)树皮中挥发油的化学成分。并从分离的 11个组分中鉴定出 10个组分的化学结构。健康树皮中含有的特异成分是乙基苯和对二乙苯 ,含有的主要成分是乙基苯 ,占总含量的 4 8.2 %。被害树皮中含有的特异成分是苯乙烯、苯甲醛和 2 ,5 -二甲基苯甲醛     

间(套)作对棉田病虫害的防控效应及其风险控制

棉花是病虫害发生最为严重的大田作物之一,近年来基于棉田间作套种的棉花病虫害生态治理成为研究的热点。合理的间作套种可以通过改变农田的生态结构和环境条件,提高天敌的种群数量,降低或抑制害虫的种群密度,进而起到有效控制病虫害的作用,是棉花病虫害防控的一条重要途径。同时,棉田间作套种控制病虫害也存在一定的局限性,不合理的间作套种更是存在提高用工投入、增加病虫防治难度、加重病虫为害等多种风险。评述了棉田间作套种对防控棉花病虫害的效应及其机制,总结提出了棉田间作套种存在的风险和防控途径,对今后应用间作套种生态治理棉花病虫害的前景和研究方向作了展望。     

大枫子与马钱上的叶斑类真菌病害

报道1986～1989年在泰国大枫子、海南大枫子和印度马钱上发现的9种叶斑类真菌病害的症状、病原菌及病情、分布。9种病原菌中,大枫子褐斑病菌(Ascochyta hydnocarpi S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶枯病菌(Didymosphaeria strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶斑病菌(Microsphaeropsis strychoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)和马钱轮纹褐斑病菌(Mycosphaerella strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Cki)是新种。     

Effects of Dietary Digestible Protein and Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Feed Utilization,and Body Composition of Juvenile Permit,Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

A 9‐wk study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growth performance of juvenile permit, Trachinotus falcatus, growing from approximately 30 to 150 g. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of crude protein (400, 450, and 500 g/kg dry matter [DM]); and three levels of crude lipid (100, 200, and 300 g/kg DM) in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing dietary protein levels from 400 to 500 g/kg and with dietary lipid levels from 100 to 200 g/kg. Fish body protein content was positively correlated with dietary ratio of digestible protein (DP) to digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.01, R² = 0.83), while body lipid was negatively correlated with dietary DP/DE (R² = 0.55, P < 0.05) but positively correlated with dietary DE levels (R² = 0.66, P < 0.01). Results showed a protein‐sparing effect, as protein retention was significantly increased by increasing dietary lipid level. In conclusion, the diet containing DP of 392.7 g/kg and DE of 18.8 MJ/kg (DM), corresponding to a DP/DE of 20.9 g/MJ, is suggested as an optimal feed for growth and feed efficiency in juvenile permit.     

生物大分子标记物检测在环境监测中的应用

生物大分子标记物是指生物体内的一些对外界环境变化敏感并能产生一些可检测变化的大分子物质,这些大分子物质能够反映环境变化对生物体的影响。随着社会对环境保护的日益重视和分子生物学技术的发展,将生物大分子标记物的检测应用到环境监测中已经成为一种趋势。生物大分子标记物检测由于其测定指标全面、准确、系统且具有特异性等优点,近十几年来作为污染物暴露和毒性效应的早期预警工具已被广泛应用于环境评价中。本文对一些主要的生物大分子标记物及其检测技术在环境监测中的应用状况及应用前景进行综述,旨在为生物大分子标记技术在环境检测实际操作中的应用提供参考依据。     

三疣梭子蟹分子生物学研究进展

三疣梭子蟹作为重要的海洋经济动物,在基础生物学方面有较为全面的研究和总结,但在分子生物学方面的研究还处于起步阶段,相关研究主要集中在同工酶谱分析、RAPD分子标记研究和线粒体基因组序列分析等方面.本文对三疣梭子蟹分子生物学,尤其是分子标记技术的应用研究取得的进展情况进行了阐述,探讨了三疣梭子蟹的研究发展方向,为今后更为系统地研究三疣梭子蟹提供理论依据.     

Effect of LED light quality on the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of Haliotis discus hannai

Abalones were reared in a laboratory to determine the percentage response rate, response time, average crawling speed and the time taken to recover an upright posture under nine light‐emitting diode light quality treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, white and grey) and a dark environment. Animals were placed in the centre of an experimental device, and the tropism of each animal was continuously monitored by video. The highest percentage response rate (80% in dark adapted abalones, 60% in light adapted abalones) was observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (27% and 30% in dark adapted abalones, respectively, 22% and 24% in light adapted abalones). Two induction materials (substrate and brown algae Laminaria japonica) were used to assess the effect of light quality on the tropism of abalones, with the highest percentage response rate (76% in the L. japonica treatment, 22% in the substrate treatment) also observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (both 25% in the L. japonica treatment, and 26% and 32%, respectively, in the substrate treatment). The tropism order of the abalones under dark, red, orange and yellow light was as follows: dark > orange > red, yellow, but fewer abalones chose to stay in blue, green, cyan and purple light. The response time (about 700 s) in the dark environment was significantly longer than for the other light quality treatments. Compared with the average crawling speed in the other light quality treatments, abalones were relatively slower (about 3.8 mm s^?1) in red and orange light, and the dark environment. The mean time required for the recovery of an upright posture in red light and the dark environment was longer than in the other light quality treatments, with the average recovery time reaching a maximum of 60 s in the dark environment. The results demonstrate the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of abalones, as well as confirming the necessity of a dark, orange or red environment for their management and aquaculture.     

我国房产税开征实效分析

文章结合目前已初见的房产税开征效果,分别探讨其对房地产市场、财政收入和社会贫富差距的实际影响,比较其与理论期望的差距与原因,得出房产税的效果是长期的,另外现行的方案有待向存量房开征房产税、采用差异化和累进制税率相结合方向改善,且配套完善的房地产相关政策,才能更好地实施其政府调控作用。