木薯后期衰老对淀粉积累的影响

对新选056、南洋红、GR891、辐选01、华南124和新选048六个木薯品种生育后期抗衰老生理和淀粉积累特性进行研究。结果表明:不同木薯品种生育后期抗衰老生理与淀粉积累特性有明显差异,木薯后期茎叶生长状况对块根淀粉积累有明显影响,后期茎叶过早衰老或生长过旺对块根淀粉积累都不利。对抗衰老能力最强的是华南124,其次是辐选01和新选048,抗衰老能力最弱的是南洋红。其中新选056、南洋红、GR891、辐选01、华南124和新选048生育后期叶片过氧化物酶活性分别为383.93△OD470/gFw.min,279.33△OD470/gFw.min,405.20△OD470/gFw.min,445.97△OD470/gFw.min,364.43△OD470/gFw.min和202.20△OD470/gFw.min;丙二醛含量分别为0.0178μmol/gFW,0.0189μmol/gFW,0.0237μmol/gFW,0.0153μmol/gFW,0.0128μmol/gFW和0.0140μmol/gFW;可溶性糖含量分别为0.74%,0.70%,1.02%,0.84%,1.12%和1.30%;自由水/束缚水比值分别为3.07,4.77,6.85,3.64,2.57和3.11;块根淀粉含量分别为29.6%,25.8%,32.8%,32.7%,25.6%和28.9%。     

高活力蛋清溶菌酶制备技术的研究

溶菌酶是一种无毒、无害、安全性较高的高盐基水解蛋白酶,在食品和医药领域有着广泛的用途。试验以蛋清为原料,通过阳离子交换树脂法提取高活力(纯度)溶菌酶。试验确定吸附与洗脱条件,蛋清与树脂的体积比为5∶1,搅拌时间为3.5h,洗脱液的离子强度为1mol/L,pH值为8.0,洗脱液经等电点沉淀和透析进一步分离纯化,所得浓缩液以110℃的进风温度和70℃的出风温度进行喷雾干燥得溶菌酶,产品活力为20650U/mg,水分含量为6.2%。     

Sources of resistance to head scab in Triticum

Multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods were used to test 1076 accessions of Triticum for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread within spike tissue respectively. The data obtained between years or inoculation dates were comparatively similar and were little influenced by climatic factors, especially humid condition. All the tested materials uniformly exhibited susceptibility to initial infection, but there were great differences in resistance to spread among species or cultivars. The diploid and tetraploid wheats were severely susceptible. Only 30 genotypes of common wheat of T. aestivum concv. vulgare showed high resistance to spread. The highest frequency of high spread resistance existed in these landraces which were distributed in Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai City, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces ranked second. The majority of wheat landraces from Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi Province and Beijing City showed susceptibility or high susceptibility. No resistance was found in Tibetian wheats. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高F值寡肽及其生理功能

高F值寡肽是一种具有高支链氨基酸含量和低芳香族氨基酸含量组成的小肽混合物.由于它具有独特的氨基酸组成和重要的生理功能,日益受到食品和医药界的高度关注.对高F值寡肽及具有治疗或缓解减轻肝性脑病症状、改善手术后及卧床病人的蛋白质营养状况、抗疲劳、治疗苯丙酮尿症和解酒醉等生理功能进行综述,以供读者参考.     

Tissue iron distribution and adaptation of iron absorption in rats exposed to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA

Although it has been shown that iron absorption from NaFeEDTA, a promising iron fortificant, is effectively down-regulated in iron-loaded rats, effects of prolonged exposure to high dietary levels of NaFeEDTA are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rats can adapt to a high dietary level of NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption, and to determine effects on tissue iron distribution, with or without an iron absorption inhibitor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to diets supplemented with FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA at 1200 mg of Fe/kg of diet, with or without tea, for 27 days. Iron absorption measured by whole-body counting before and after exposure showed that rats adapted to the high dietary level of FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA by down-regulating iron absorption to a similar extent. However, nonheme iron concentrations in liver and spleen were about 35-50% lower, whereas the concentration in kidney was about 300% higher in rats fed NaFeEDTA, compared to rats fed FeSO4. Tea had no major impact on iron absorption or iron status, regardless of iron source. Our results showed that although iron absorption was down-regulated similarly, body iron distribution was markedly different between rats exposed to FeSO4 and those exposed to NaFeEDTA. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to dietary NaFeEDTA on kidney iron accumulation and kidney function.     

半干旱黄土丘陵区不同植被类型的土壤水分特征及其稳定性

[目的]研究5种不同植被类型土壤水分动态特征,为区域内优化配植模式提供理论依据。[方法]以甘肃省定西市半干旱黄土丘陵区5种典型的植被类型为研究对象,使用土壤水分速测仪对2017,2018年0—200 cm土层土壤含水量进行观测,并对不同植被类型土壤水分特征及其稳定性进行分析。[结果]①不同植被类型土壤水分呈现出:山杏×侧柏混交林地(11.24%)退耕苜蓿草地(10.97%)自然荒地(10.66%)退耕林地(9.99%)柠条林地(9.55%)。②5种植被类型在0—200 cm土层依据有序聚类法可分为动态变化层(0—40 cm),利用层(40—100 cm)和弱利用层(100—200 cm)3个层次。在动态变化层(0—40 cm),土壤水分呈现出:自然荒地(14.23%)最高,柠条林地(11.04%)最低;在利用层(40—100 cm):退耕苜蓿草地(12.16%)最高,柠条林地(9.15%)最低;在弱利用层(100—200 cm):自然荒地(10.81%)最高,退耕林地(8.61%)最低。③不同植被类型土壤水分土层稳定性(变异系数)呈现出:退耕林地(19.9%)山杏×侧柏混交林地(21.3%)自然荒地(21.9%)退耕苜蓿草地(22.6%)柠条林地(23.6%)。④不同植被类型土壤水分时间稳定性(变异系数)呈现出:自然荒地(25%)退耕林地(25.2%)山杏×侧柏混交林地(26.5%)柠条林地(27.1%)退耕苜蓿草地(31.9%)。[结论]柠条林地土壤水分含量最低,在土层和时间上不稳定,山杏×侧柏混交林地较其他植被类型土壤水分含量更高,更具有稳定性。     

不同品种桑椹糖酸组分分析

分析了不同品种桑椹的糖酸组分。以33个品种桑椹的果实为试材,利用高效液相色谱技术检测,相关性分析采用相关系数法,聚类分析采用快速聚类法。结果表明,果糖和葡萄糖是桑椹的主要糖类,同一品种二者含量相当,品种之间存在差异,没有发现桑椹中含有蔗糖。所有桑椹品种含有柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、草酸、丙酸和富马酸,绝大部分品种含有酒石酸,部分桑椹品种含有丙酮酸,柠檬酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸是桑椹中含量较高的3种有机酸,柠檬酸质量分数为41.30%～68.80%。总酸与柠檬酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。33个品种桑椹可分成五大类群,分别由10,1,5,7,10桑椹品种组成。     

光照对套袋苹果花青素含量的影响

研究了几种不同质量类型袋对富士苹果花青素含量的影响，并对套袋未成熟富士苹果果皮圆片进行了人工光照研究，结果表明，套袋能明显著地促进富士苹果着色，其作用主要是影响果实中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）的活性，套袋还能缩短花青素合成的光诱导期，不同的人工光照方式可得到了红光促进花青素合成的显著效能，远红光抵消红光对花青素的合成。     

辽宁省主要造林树种抗火性能测定及其抗火树种的筛选

本文在辽宁省境内选取主要造林树种或有抗火希望树种共２０种，对每个树种从含水率、油脂率、灰分率、耐燃点、树皮厚度等抗火性能指标进行了测定，综合分析了测定结果，筛选出了核桃楸、水曲柳、色赤杨等７个树种难燃抗火，并结合各树种的生物学和物候特点，择优选择了辽宁省各地区的主要抗火树种。     

多种病虫综合危害小麦产量损失率及综合防治指标的研究

通过田间开放式小区试验研究，明确了小麦穗期多病虫同时危害与产量损失的关系：建立了小麦穗期受麦蚜Ｘ１、白粉病Ｘ２和叶锈病Ｘ３同时危害与产量损失的相关模式。设立了麦蚜Ｘ１、白粉病Ｘ２的经济阈值模型。并提出了稳期病虫的综合防治指标。