Development of nursery culture techniques for the mud crab Scylla paramamosain (Estampador)

Cannibalism is one of the main causes of mortality in the culture of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, particularly in the early post‐larval and juvenile stages when the densities of hatchery‐reared crabs may be very high before stocking into ponds or release into the wild for stock enhancement. In a series of experiments investigating cannibalism mitigation, the influence of stocking density, the effectiveness of sand substrate, brick and shell shelters and feed type were compared in culture of crabs from instar 1 for short nursery periods of 15–30 days. Inclusion of brick and shell shelters significantly increased survival over sand substrate alone. However, inclusion of shelters did not affect growth rates. In scaled‐up nursery production in lined‐ponds, with shelters, live Artemia biomass and fresh chopped shrimp or tilapia were found to be equally effective feeds for juvenile crabs stocked at a density of 70 m⁻² from instar 1 and grown for 30 days [52–66% survival, 21.6–24.6 mm carapace width (CW)]. In an extended nursery period for a further 30 days, crabs of 22 mm CW, stocked at 30 m⁻² in the same ponds, attained a final size of 34.5–36.2 mm CW with a survival of 64.3–67.0% using the same feeds.     

Association Analysis between Differences of GnRHR-Ⅱ Gene Expression with Reproduction Traits Heterosis in Duck Populations

The objective of this study was to clone the sequence of duck type Ⅱ gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR-Ⅱ) gene, and to analyze the association of its expression levels with reproduction trait heterosis. RT-PCR method was used to clone GnRHR-Ⅱ gene fragments, and the expression levels during early laying days and laying fastigium period in Gaoyou duck, Jinding duck and crossed populations were tested by Real-time PCR method. Sequencing and homology analysis showed that the cloned duck GnRHR cDNA was about 500 bp in length, and it belonged to the avian type Ⅱ GnRHR isoforms. It was 96% identical to the cGnRHR-Ⅱ sequence reported in domestic chicken. From the early laying days to laying fastigium period, expression levels of GnRHR-Ⅱ gene in pituitary increased for Jinding duck, Gaoyou duck and crossed populations, with the highest expression levels in Jinding×Gaoyou hybrid group (P<0.01) . The expression levels of GnRHR-Ⅱ gene in hypothalamus also increased for Jinding duck, Gaoyou duck, however, it decreased in two crossed populations. The expression levels of GnRHR-Ⅱ gene in ovary were significantly higher for Jinding duck and two crossed populations than Gaoyou duck (P<0.01), but it decreased during laying fastigium period. Compared to Jinding duck and Gaoyou duck breeds, the two crossed populations had positive heterosis in 42-week production and 42-week egg fertilization percent, and negative heterosis in the first laying age and 42-week fertilized egg hatching rate traits. It suggested that the short-lived higher expression of ovary GnRHR-Ⅱ gene before early laying days be correlated with heterosis of the first laying age and 42-week production traits, and its higher expression levels in pituitary could aid to keep laying fastigium.     

1980—2020年汾河流域生态系统服务价值的时空变化

[目的]分析1980—2020年汾河流域生态系统服务价值时空变化特征,为该流域生态环境的科学调控和管理提供理论参考。[方法]利用汾河流域1980—2020年5期Landsat-MSS/TM/ETM遥感影像解译数据研究了流域土地利用变化特征,并估算了生态系统服务价值。[结果] 1980—2020汾河流域土地利用中耕地、林地和草地一直处于主导地位,土地利用整体变化表现为耕地向建设用地转移;土地利用动态度表明2000—2020年土地变化明显高于1980—2000年。1980—2020年汾河流域土地利用总生态服务价值持续减少,空间分布整体上呈上游高,中下游低的趋势。从不同功能价值来看,调节和支持服务减少最多。不同土地利用程度与ESVI双变量LISA聚集图呈现出明显的空间负相关性,主要以汾河上游的低土地利用程度与高ESVI聚集分布为主。[结论] 1980—2020年汾河流域土地利用/覆被变化对生态服务价值有较大影响。可以通过提高土地集约利用水平,促进该区土地利用结构向高生态服务价值发展。     

发酵床垫料水分调控系统设计

为解决发酵床垫料部分区域积水导致的烂床等问题,试验确定了＆quot;热气脉动法＆quot;的垫料水分调控方法,并设计了一套发酵床垫料水分调控设施设备以 STC89C52单片机为核心,WL433A无线通讯模块进行数据的传输,使用 VB.NET进行上位机的开发, Access为后台数据库,实现了对发酵床垫料内部信息的实时采集、无线传输、自动存储以及远程实时监测等,为发酵床垫料水分调控的研究提供了设施基础,在一定程度上推动了养殖设施设备的发展。     

Effects of Various Degrees of Antennal Ablation on Mating and Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella L.

Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.     

正交试验优化红豆杉硒多糖的提取

以恩施高硒地区的珍贵药用植物红豆杉为研究对象,以料液比、水浴浸提时间以及微波处理时间为试验因素设计正交试验,优化了红豆杉硒多糖的提取分离纯化工艺.通过硫酸苯酚法测定红豆杉中硒多糖的含量,采用原子荧光法测定硒多糖中硒的含量,并以SPSS统计软件对正交试验结果进行处理和分析.结果表明,3因素对硒多糖提取率影响大小为料液比＞微波处理时间＞水提时间,且红豆杉中硒多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶80(W/V)、水浴浸提时间30 min、微波处理时间5 min.在此条件下,测得红豆杉中硒多糖含量为1.96％,硒多糖中硒含量为0.0555 μg/g.     

A Study on Seedlings'''' Density of Aralia elata

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退化羊草草地生态恢复技术的研究

在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗对退化羊草草地进行了更新复壮的技术研究,初步探索出了退化羊草草地生态恢复技术和群落演替规律。