银杏-杜仲叶发酵物对脂多糖应激肉仔鸡的肠道功能和免疫反应的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加银杏-杜仲叶发酵物（FGEL）对脂多糖（LPS）应激肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道结构、消化吸收功能和免疫反应的影响，并与未发酵银杏-杜仲叶（GEL）进行比较。采用2×3双因子试验设计，即2种免疫应激处理（腹腔注射LPS或注射等量生理盐水）和3种饲粮处理（基础饲粮及在基础饲粮中添加0.40%GEL或0.40%FGEL的试验饲粮）。选取1日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡360只，随机分为6个处理，每个处理均设6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验期为21 d。在试验第13、15、17、19和21天，3个应激处理的试鸡腹腔注射500μg/kg BW的LPS，其他3个处理注射等量的生理盐水。在试验第21天最后1次注射后2～4 h进行屠宰取样。结果表明：1）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL的肉仔鸡料重比（F/G）有显著改善（P=0.024），饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）(P=0.023)和血清D-木糖的含量（P=0.011）的降低。2）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡十二指肠（P=0.011）和空肠（P=0.030）的相对重量...     

中国草种业标准现状分析

草种子不仅是草业与畜牧业的基石，还是生态文明建设以及城镇景观绿化的重要载体。我国虽是草地资源和草种子利用大国，但却是草种业弱国。标准化是推动草种业快速高质量发展的关键，历经30多年的不懈努力，我国的草种业标准化也取得了积极的进展，但是目前的草种业标准体系还处于混沌状态，缺乏系统的梳理。为了进一步加强和完善我国草种业标准体系构建，推动草种业高质量发展，本文尽可能详细地检索和筛选草种业的现行标准，从种质资源、生产加工、质量检验、包装、贮藏和运输，播种5个方面进行梳理。在此基础上分析了现行标准体系的薄弱之处，提出了需要更新以及尚需制定标准的建议，为草种业标准的制定者和应用者提供服务和便利，为草种业标准体系的完善提供参考。     

富马酸及其与甲酸钙复配替代抗生素对川藏黑猪日粮酸结合力及生产性能的影响

试验旨在评价富马酸及富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂取代饲用抗生素对川藏黑猪日粮酸结合力(ABC)及猪生产性能的影响。选用(52.36±9.76)kg左右健康黑猪50头,按体重、性别随机分为5个处理,每处理4重复,分别饲喂无抗负对照、抗生素正对照1(恩拉霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素)、抗生素正对照2(吉他霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素)、0.5%富马酸(FA)、0.5%的富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂产品(FA+CF)日粮。结果表明,与负对照比较,FA及FA+CF极显著降低饲料p H值及饲料ABC值(P=0.00)。28 d饲养试验结果表明,日粮处理的生产性能差异未达统计学显著水平(P≥0.05),但与负对照比较,FA及FA+CF处理日增重分别降低5.7%、3.5%,料重比(FCR)分别上升4.3%、8.4%;而正对照1、2比负对照日增重分别提高8.98%、5.38%,FCR分别降低4.74%、上升1.70%。与负对照比较,FA处理还导致猪腹泻率及腹泻指数显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)上升,FA及FA+CF处理分别降低养殖经济效益16.2%、15.13%。此结果显示,0.5%富马酸及0.5%的富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂不能起到饲用抗生素的促生长作用。     

Genotypic Variation for Tolerance to Transient Drought During the Reproductive Phase of Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa L. is a genetically diverse parent species of the allotetraploid species, oilseed rape (B. napus) and a potential source of drought tolerance for B. napus. We examined the effect of a 13‐day drought stress period during the early reproductive phase, relative to a well‐watered (WW) control, on subsequent growth and development in nine accessions of B. rapa and one accession of Brassica juncea selected for their wide morphological and genetic diversity. We measured leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, water use, and leaf and bud temperatures during the stress period and aboveground dry weight of total biomass at maturity. Dry weight of seeds and reproductive tissue were not useful measures of drought tolerance due to self‐incompatibility in B. rapa. The relative total biomass (used as the measure of drought tolerance in this study) of the 10 accessions exposed to drought stress ranged from 47 % to 117 % of the WW treatment and was negatively correlated with leaf‐to‐air and bud‐to‐air temperature difference when averaged across the 13‐day stress period. Two wild‐type (B. rapa ssp. sylvestris) accessions had higher relative total and non‐reproductive biomass at maturity and cooler leaves and buds than other types. We conclude that considerable genotypic variation for drought tolerance exists in B. rapa and cooler leaves and buds during a transient drought stress in the early reproductive phase may be a useful screening tool for drought tolerance.     

种植密度对不同株型青贮玉米产量及相关性状的影响

本研究以平展型玉米(Zea mays)雅玉青贮8号、半紧凑型品种京科青贮516和紧凑型品种黎民518为材料,研究4个种植密度对不同株型的青贮玉米产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明,青贮玉米鲜草产量和籽粒产量的最佳适宜密度不同,鲜草产量的适宜密度高于籽粒产量的适宜密度。随群体密度的增加玉米刈割青贮时的绿叶片数、单株鲜重、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数呈下降趋势;秃尖长、株高、穗位高、空秆率、倒伏(折)率、瘤黑粉病病株率逐渐增加;高密度下千粒重降低;青贮生育期略有延长。供试品种中黎民518最耐密植,京科青贮516边行优势强,最不耐密植。     

新常态下完善新疆棉花目标价格补贴政策的思考

新常态下国内棉花产业面临诸多机遇和挑战,特别是2014年以来,国家连续两年在新疆实施棉花目标价格补贴政策,为完善我国农产品市场调控政策体系积累了宝贵的经验。梳理近年来国内棉花产业面临的新常态,分析了目标价格政策的作用机制,总结政策实施效果和问题,并为完善操作办法和措施提出建议。     

Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.