日粮中鱼蛋白水解物对黄颡鱼生长、体成分和血清生理指标的影响

为了探讨鱼蛋白水解物对黄颡鱼生产性能的影响,以日本鳀粉为对照,以实用型黄颡鱼饲料配方模式为基础开展实验:1以30.5%鱼粉为对照(FM),在相同配方模式下,以6%鱼蛋白水解物(MPH6)替代20%的鱼粉;2以30.5%鱼粉为对照(FM),在无鱼粉日粮中分别添加3%(FPH3)、6%(FPH6)、12%(FPH12)鱼蛋白水解物;共设计5组等氮等能实验日粮,在池塘网箱中养殖黄颡鱼[初始体质量(30.08±0.35)g]60 d。结果显示:与FM相比,FPH12在SGR、FCR、PRR和FRR方面均无显著差异,而MPH6、FPH3、FPH6组SGR降低了15.45%~24.39%,FCR升高了32.14%~42.86%,MPH6、FPH6差异显著,在PRR和FRR方面,MPH6、FPH3、FPH6组PRR降低了21.11%~27.78%,MPH6组FRR降低了41.51%;全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分各组间差异不显著,FPH3、FPH6、FPH12肌肉多种游离氨基酸水平显著高于FM,其中Thr、Val、His与其在日粮中的水平显著相关;FPH6组HSI显著低于FM,鱼蛋白水解物对CP、VSI、肠体比的影响不显著;血清AST、ALT、HDL、LDL、TP、CHOL、TG无显著差异,FPH3组ALB显著低于FM。研究表明:黄颡鱼日粮中,12%鱼蛋白水解物(干物质)与30.5%鱼粉在生长速度、饲料效率、血清生理指标等方面具有一定的等效性;过高的植物蛋白日粮影响了黄颡鱼的生产性能;饲喂鱼蛋白水解物日粮使黄颡鱼肌肉游离氨基酸的含量升高,特别是呈味氨基酸的含量增加。     

干露、盐度、温度变化对中华虎头蟹仔蟹的影响

采用单因子分析方法,在生化培养箱中设置5个干露梯度,15个盐度梯度及12个温度梯度,研究干露、盐度、温度变化对中华虎头蟹仔蟹存活及其活力的影响。试验结果表明,不同干露温度梯度下,随着温度的升高,时间的延长,仔蟹爬行、游动、钻沙能力不断减弱;在0、1、2、45、50盐度梯度下,24h后仔蟹成活率、活力下降明显;10～35℃温度梯度下,24h后成活率超过90%,能正常摄食、活动,其他温度试验组,随温度变化,仔蟹活力不断减弱至无法摄食活动。     

河蟹工厂化育苗

河蟹学名中华绒螯蟹,系海水繁殖,淡水生长的洄游性甲壳动物.自20世纪70年代开始,不少单位先后对河蟹人工育苗进行了研究,但在人工育苗实践中存在着成活率不高的问题.2001年上海科技管理学校在奉贤东海水产研究所咸淡水工程技术中心实习河蟹工厂化育苗,对亲蟹培育到苗种培育全过程进行了实践,对提高蚤1～蚤2,蚤5～大眼的变态成活率进行了研究和探讨.在大水体河蟹育苗生产实习过程中,采取了改善饵料等措施,取得了较好的效果.     

闽南地区鲍溃烂病的研究

导致鲍发生溃烂的原因有多种。本研究通过对闽南地区鲍溃烂病的研究结果发现：除了已报道的荧光假单胞杆菌和亮弧菌一Ⅱ外哈维氏弧菌也是鲍溃烂病的主要病原。哈维氏弧菌导致发病养鲍池的COD值升高、pH值降低,异养菌数剧增并以弧菌为主;使用已报道的防治方法疗效不显著,却对妥布霉素、利复平、头孢三嗪、环丙沙星、呋喃妥因等药物敏感。     

鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响

目的本试验旨在探究鹿茸对雌性小鼠生殖功能的影响。方法雌性昆明小鼠48只随机分为空白对照组以及3mg/kg低剂量组、6mg/kg中剂量组和12mg/kg高剂量组,连续经口灌胃鹿茸14d。结果高剂量组小鼠的雌二醇水平、性器官脏器指数显著高于空白对照组;中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠的子宫外径显著高于空白对照组。结论灌胃给药12mg/kg鹿茸时,可使雌二醇含量增高,促进雌性器官生长发育,增强雌性昆明小鼠生殖功能。     

黑龙江乌苏里白鲑的个体繁殖力

2013年和2014年的10–11月,在黑龙江抚远江段采集成熟度为IV期的雌性乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussurinsis)133尾,鉴定年龄(A),测量叉长(L)、体重(W)、净体重(Wn)和卵巢重(Wo)等生物学指标。计算了绝对繁殖力(F)、叉长相对繁殖力(FL)、体重相对繁殖力(FW)、性成熟系数(GSI)和肥满度(K),并运用6种数学模型及多元线性逐步回归方程拟合了乌苏里白鲑个体繁殖力与生物学指标之间的关系。结果表明,用于统计繁殖力的样本由4+~8+龄5个年龄组组成,乌苏里白鲑F分布范围在1.161×104~5.921×104粒,平均为3.027×104粒;FL分布在307.13~1119.4 eggs/cm,平均为622.5 eggs/cm;FW分布在19.81~56.98 eggs/g,平均为34.62 eggs/g。F与叉长、体重和年龄拟合度最高的函数分别为幂函数、线性函数和抛物线,FL与叉长、体重和年龄分别为幂函数、幂函数和线性函数相关,而FW与叉长、体重和年龄无显著相关性,FW只与卵巢重和性成熟系数具有一定的相关性,且拟合度最高的方程均为幂函数。多元线性逐步回归分析表明,乌苏里白鲑F与卵巢重、叉长和性成熟系数显著相关,而FL和FW均受卵巢重和性成熟系数的显著影响,从二者偏相关系数值来讲,卵巢重与个体繁殖力(F、FL、FW)之间的相关性均高于性成熟系数。     

pH对红鳍东方纯（Takifugu rubripes）消化酶活力的影响

本文研究了pH对红鳍东方纯消化道和肝胰脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的影响。结果表明：红鳍东方纯前肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶最适pH分别为：5．4和5．0;中肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH分别为：8．7和7．0;后肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH分别为：6．5和7．0;肝胰脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH均为7．0;肠和肝胰脏的脂肪酶的最适pH均为7．0。     

The impact of temperature on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters

The impact of temperature on nitrification rate was evaluated in this study through experimental tests, mathematical modeling and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the impact of temperature on fixed film nitrification rate is less significant than that predicted by the van't Hoff–Arrhenius equation. In a fixed film biofilter, the impact of temperature on nitrification rate due to DO (dissolved oxygen) limitation is different from that due to TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) limitation. Sensitivity analysis indicated that a temperature increment at 20 °C resulted in nitrification rate increase of 1.108% per °C and 4.275% per °C under DO and TAN limited conditions, respectively. Diffusion mass transport plays an important role in fixed film nitrification processes. Consequently, the effect of temperature on nitrification rate due to bacterial growth rate change in fixed film processes is greatly reduced compared with that of suspended growth processes. When oxygen is limited, the decrease in saturation DO concentration as temperature increases results in a negative temperature impact upon the nitrification rate.     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

多种接种途径对翘嘴鳜细菌性烂鳃和败血症的免疫预防效果

多种接种途径对翘嘴鳜细菌性烂鳃和败血症的免疫预防效果陈昌福，周文豪（华中农业大学水产学院，武汉４３００７０）陈昌福等（１９９５）先后用从患细菌性烂鳃病的翘嘴鳜（ＳｉｎｉｐｅｒｃａｃｈｕａｔｓｉＢ．）上分离的柱状嗜纤维菌（Ｃｙｔｏｐｈａｇａｃｏｌｕｍｎ...