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41.
42.
Charlotte M. Nevison Matthew A. Timmis 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(4):261-264
It is commonplace for trainers and judges to comment that riders are “crooked” or “collapsed in the hip.” This asymmetrical posture will likely have a significant effect on stability/balance and may subsequently have a detrimental effect on performance. Although the effects of asymmetry on athlete performance has received much attention on human-only sports, there has been little scientific research investigating the influence of these factors in equestrianism, despite anecdotal acknowledgment that “a good seat” and core stability has strong influence on the horse and that crookedness may contribute to high incidences of back pain in both the rider and horse. Asymmetry among athletes has been shown to lessen after physiotherapy intervention (PI).This study examined whether the effect of PI to a group of experienced riders improved seated postural stability (determined as the root mean square [RMS] of the center of pressure signal in the medial–lateral directions) collected for more than 30 seconds and medial–lateral symmetry in force distribution when sat astride a saddle for 10 seconds. Riders were divided into 2 groups either receiving PI to the pelvic region or no intervention. After intervention, the PI group showed a significant reduction in RMS, and initial asymmetry in distribution of pressure was reduced.Preliminary findings suggest that improvements in rider asymmetry and stability can be attenuated through manipulation of the pelvic region. Further work to ascertain the benefits that targeted physiotherapy and training regimes can have on effective horse–rider communication, performance, and behavioral, anatomical, and physiological indicators of welfare in both horse and rider are justified. 相似文献
43.
Peter Kappel Theil Thomas Thymann Nielsen Niels Bastian Kristensen Rodrigo Labouriau Viggo Danielsen Charlotte Lauridsen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):221-232
The milk intake in piglets from four lactating sows was measured in three 48 h periods, starting on days 3, 10 and 17 of lactation, using the deuterium oxide (D 2 O) dilution technique. The milk intake was estimated from the water turnover in the piglets corrected for the production of metabolic water. The water turnover was estimated from the water dilution space and the fractional turnover of body water, determined by the rate of D 2 O dilution. To determine the magnitude of isotopic recycling, a randomly selected piglet in each litter was not enriched with D 2 O. Milk production of the four lactating sows was also measured by the weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW) method on days 4, 11 and 18 of lactation. The average daily milk production determined by the D 2 O dilution technique (9.91 - 0.69 kg) was higher ( P <0.05) than that determined by the uncorrected WSW method (8.65 - 0.81 kg). Different procedures for selecting piglets were evaluated to obtain the best possible estimation of total milk production from three piglets in each litter. The total milk production of a sow based on three piglets in the litter was obtained from a quadratic model of the relationship between milk intake and daily gain. When the daily gain of all piglets were known the Pearson correlation between milk production determined for the whole litter ( n -1) and only three median piglets was 0.98. 相似文献
44.
Anne Fischer Anne Liljander Heike Kaspar Cecilia Muriuki Hans-Henrik Fuxelius Erik Bongcam-Rudloff Etienne P de Villiers Charlotte A Huber Joachim Frey Claudia Daubenberger Richard Bishop Mario Younan Joerg Jores 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):86
Camels are the most valuable livestock species in the Horn of Africa and play a pivotal role in the nutritional sustainability for millions of people. Their health status is therefore of utmost importance for the people living in this region. Streptococcus agalactiae, a Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is an important camel pathogen. Here we present the first epidemiological study based on genetic and phenotypic data from African camel derived GBS. Ninety-two GBS were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), capsular polysaccharide typing and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We analysed the GBS using Bayesian linkage, phylogenetic and minimum spanning tree analyses and compared them with human GBS from East Africa in order to investigate the level of genetic exchange between GBS populations in the region. Camel GBS sequence types (STs) were distinct from other STs reported so far. We mapped specific STs and capsular types to major disease complexes caused by GBS. Widespread resistance (34%) to tetracycline was associated with acquisition of the tetM gene that is carried on a Tn916-like element, and observed primarily among GBS isolated from mastitis. The presence of tetM within different MLST clades suggests acquisition on multiple occasions. Wound infections and mastitis in camels associated with GBS are widespread and should ideally be treated with antimicrobials other than tetracycline in East Africa. 相似文献
45.
Kang YH Parker CC Smith AC Waldron KW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8558-8564
Carrot cell walls have been shown to contain significant quantities of esterified p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is presumed to be esterified to cell wall polymers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and related phenolics among carrot cell wall polysaccharides. Cell wall material was prepared from fresh carrot root tissues and extracted sequentially with water, imidazole, cyclohexane- trans-1,2-diamine- N, N, N', N'-tetraacetate, Na 2CO 3, and KOH (0.5, 1, and 4 M) to leave a cellulose-rich residue. The fractions were analyzed for their carbohydrate and phenolic acid components. Selected soluble fractions were subfractionated further by graded precipitation in ethanol. The majority of the polymer fractions comprised pectic polysaccharides, with varying quantities of neutral sugars (arabinose and galactose). Hemicellulosic polymers were generally found only in the strong alkali extracts (4 M KOH). p-OH-benzoic acid was the predominant phenolic ester and was associated with most fractions analyzed; p-OH-benzaldehyde was also detected in the fractions at much lower levels. Principal components analysis of the chemical data indicated that the p-OH-benzoic acid was associated predominantly with the branched pectic polysaccharides, in contrast to the p-OH-benzaldehyde. The possible roles and functional properties of these phenolics are discussed. 相似文献
46.
Soy-derived isoflavones have been reported to be specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases like the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study was conducted to investigate, whether IGF-I and EGF stimulate porcine myoblast growth and whether the responses are influenced by isoflavones. Satellite cell-born myoblasts derived from the semimembranosus muscle of newborn piglets were treated for 26h with IGF-I or EGF alone and in combination with genistein or daidzein. The DNA amount was measured and DNA synthesis was recorded as 6 h-[(3)H]thymidine incorporation during exponential growth in serum-free basal medium. IGF-I and EGF synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis of porcine myoblast with EGF causing a greater response. Genistein (100mumol/l) effectively reduced the growth factor-mediated DNA synthesis, which was associated with an inhibition of growth factor receptor protein expression. In response to daidzein no reduction in growth factor-mediated DNA synthesis was found. Daidzein (1; 10mumol/l) combined with IGF-I caused even a slight increase in DNA amount compared with the untreated control. The expression of the IGF-1R precursor protein was reduced with 10 and 100mumol/l daidzein, whereas the EGFR expression remained unchanged with daidzein. The results suggest that dietary isoflavones may interact with growth factor-induced stimulation of pig skeletal muscle growth. 相似文献
47.
Eva Persson Margret Wülbers-Mindermann Charlotte Berg Bo Algers 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):24
Background
The natural feeding behaviour of the pig is searching for feed by rooting activities throughout the day; self-feeding pigs randomly space their eating and drinking periods throughout the day consuming ten to twelve meals per day. Pigs in conventional fattening pig production are normally fed 2–3 times daily with the feed consumed within 15 minutes. The aim of this study was to determine if more frequent feedings could improve the performance of conventionally kept fattening pigs.Methods
The experiment was carried out on 360 fattening pigs (27–112 kg live weight), weighed and assigned to pens stratified by weight and sex. Each treatment group consisted of 180 pigs, allocated to 20 pens with nine pigs in each pen. To evaluate how more feeding occasions affects performance and well-being the pigs were divided into two groups and fed three (control group) or nine (treatment group) times daily. The same total amount of liquid feed was fed to each group and the feed ration was correlated to the live weight of the pigs. All weight and slaughter recordings were made individually and recordings of feed consumption were made pen-wise. At slaughter the stomach of each pig was examined for lesions in the pars oesophagea and scored on a scale from 1–6.Results
Frequent feeding occasions influenced both performance and status of gastric lesions of the pigs adversely. Pigs in the treatment group grew slower compared to pigs in the control group; 697 g/day (± 6.76) versus 804 g/day (± 6.78) (P < 0.001) with no difference in within-pen variation. There was also a lower prevalence of gastric lesions within pigs in the control group (2.4 (± 0.12) compared to 3.0 (± 0.12) (P < 0.01)). There was a positive correlation between gastric lesions in the treatment group and daily weight gain (r = 0.19; P < 0.01).Conclusion
Increased daily feeding occasions among group housed pigs resulted in a poorer daily weight gain and increased mean gastric lesion score as compared with pigs fed three times daily. This may be a consequence of more frequently occurring competition for feed in the treatment group. The present study does not support increased daily feeding occasions in fattening pigs. 相似文献48.
49.
Vincent Marolf Helene Rohrbach Géraldine Bolen Anne-Sophie Van Wijnsberghe Charlotte Sandersen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(1):106-115
Objective
To develop a modified ultrasound-guided parasacral approach to the sciatic nerve and compare the effects of a volume of 0.2 mL kg–1 of 0.5% levobupivacaine with an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline injected near the sciatic nerve.Study design
Cadaveric and experimental, blinded, randomized study.Animals
Seven canine cadavers and seven experimental Beagle dogs.Methods
Both sciatic nerves of seven cadavers were identified using a modified in-plane ultrasound-guided approach. Methylene blue solution (0.2 mL) was injected perineurally, and success was evaluated through dissection. The same approach was repeated in seven Beagle dogs sedated with dexmedetomidine (50 μg kg–1) injected intramuscularly (IM). After randomization, 0.2 mL kg–1 of 0.5% levobupivacaine (limb L) and 0.2 mL kg–1 of 0.9% saline (limb C) were injected perineurally on either right or left limb. Block success was determined by sensory deficits every hour for 8 hours after an atipamezole injection (0.2 mg kg–1) IM. Reaction to pinprick (binary score) over the course of the sciatic nerve (four locations) and locomotion were assessed.Results
The overall sciatic nerve block success was 93% in cadavers and 86% in sedated dogs. It was impossible to localize the sciatic nerves in one obese sedated dog. Significant differences between limb L and limb C were observed for pinprick at great trochanter, caudal thigh and lateral tarsal joint (p < 0.0001). Reaction to pinprick was absent in all dogs at great trochanter and caudal thigh up to at least 3 hours on limb L. Locomotion was impaired in all but one dog for 60 (30–210) minutes (median; interquartile range). No complications were observed.Conclusions and clinical relevance
A volume of ≥0.2 mL kg–1 and a concentration of 0.5% levobupivacaine can be recommended when using a modified ultrasound-guided parasacral approach to the sciatic nerve in dogs. 相似文献50.
Jaime Viscasillas Richard Everson Emma Kate Mapletoft Charlotte Dawson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(2):246-250