整合质量数量性状构建作物核心种质的策略研究

质量性状和数量性状在不同水平反映了个体间的遗传差异,现有遗传相似性的度量往往割裂两者的信息.本文提出了整合质量性状和数量性状评价个体间遗传相似性的统计策略,调整的欧氏距离能有效地度量个体间的差异,并能很好地处理性状数据的缺失.实例分析了中国农业科学院、华南农学院、广东省农科院水稻生态研究室收集和调查的2262份水稻种质资源10个质量性状和15个数量性状的数据资料,用调整的欧氏距离及不加权类平均法进行群体分类,多次聚类优先取样法抽取8个不同容量的巢式子集并进行遗传多样性比较.结果表明:基于整合信息构建的核心种质同时具有较高的数量性状和质量性状遗传多样性;仅用质量性状信息不足以评价个体间的遗传差异;核心种质构建中应该采用数量性状的信息,同时整合质量性状的信息.     

2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机的设计与试验

针对黄土高原丘陵水蚀区残茬覆盖免耕播种及抗旱播种的作业要求,研制了以8.8～11.0?kW手持拖拉机为动力源的2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机。该播种机采用长翼尖角组合式种肥分施开沟器、复合铰链前位双轮仿形机构和螺旋齿槽轮排种器。田间试验表明：该播种机排种均匀性变异系数为35.4%,播深合格率为81.8%,平均种肥间距为44.0?mm,化肥集中在90～100?mm土层范围内,地表可形成宽66～85?mm、深40～52?mm的小垄沟,各项技术性能满足农业种植要求。该播种机适应中国黄土高原丘陵水蚀区缓坡地（＜15°）和水平梯田的免耕播种,满足雨养农业区播种技术的“深种浅覆、镇压提墒、集雨抗旱”等要求。     

烟草黑胫病菌拮抗放线菌LY18的分离筛选与鉴定

为了寻找对烟草黑胫病具有生防潜力的放线菌,笔者采用平板对峙法,从烟草黑胫病发病烟田健株根际土壤中,分离得到1株对烟草黑胫病菌具有显著拮抗效果的放线菌株LY18,其发酵液的无菌滤液对烟草黑胫病菌菌丝的抑制率达70%以上。电镜观察发现,抑菌圈周围的烟草黑胫病菌丝破裂、瘪陷。通过对LY18的形态观察、培养性状观察、生理生化测定结合16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株为鉴定Streptomyces rajshahiensis。     

荷斯坦牛抗热应激候选基因S441的检测

本试验以S441为奶牛假定抗热应激候选基因。在核心母牛场湖南省奶牛原种场测定不同世代的种母牛213头,在核心公牛场湖南省种公牛站,以及北京、上海、南京、安徽等地测定种公牛46头,共检测出具有S441基因的母牛27头,检出率为12．7％（27／213）,公牛15头,检出率为32．6％（15／46）。在湖南省奶牛原种场,有、无抗热应激候选基因的母牛在热应激期间的产奶量分别为1736．75kg和1528．63kg,产奶量下降率分别为3．51％和22．56％,产奶量差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但产奶量下降率差异显著（P〈0．05）,基本肯定该基因为抗热应激候选基因。     

德菲尔法构建重大动物疫病预警指标体系

[目的 ]构建重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。[方法 ]以禽流感和口蹄疫为例,采用文献调研法和德菲尔专家咨询法中的专家会议法初拟重大动物疫病预警体系的框架和指标;应用德菲尔专家咨询法评价预警指标的重要性、可操作性;应用组合权重法比较各指标综合影响的大小,并将指标分类。[结果 ]筛选出禽流感和口蹄疫预警预报一级指标6项(易感动物、饲养管理和免疫情况等)以及二级指标14项(免疫效果、环境消毒、温度等),并将指标分为三类(关键指标、重要指标和一般指标)。[结论 ]初步构建了重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。     

规模化猪场疫病传入的外部风险因素指标体系的初探

据实际调查,运用层次分析法,将疫病传入的各外界风险因素指标划分为目标层、准则层和分准则层三个层次。采用EXCEL软件进行数据统计,依次编辑各层次结构模型,构建各层次的判断矩阵和一致性检验。结果表明：猪场的管理措施、生物安全、场址是疫病传入的主要风险因素。据此确立了I级指标和II级指标,从而构建疫病传入的风险因素指标体系。     

贵州省鸡淋巴性白血病J亚型血清学调查研究

为了解和掌握鸡淋巴白血病J亚型(ALV -J)在贵州的发生和流行的基本情况,在7个主要养殖地区的35个养鸡生产场共采集1 205份血清样本,采用ALV -J诊断试剂盒进行了ALV -J的ELISA血清学抗体检测.检测及相关流行病学调查结果表明:ALV -J亚群的平均阳性感染率为13.776％,其中肉鸡为20.050％,...     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白转基因小鼠的构建研究

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ ＢｇｌⅡ（１．６７ｋｂ）片段正向插入ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋ＢａｍＨⅠ切点，构建重组质粒ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ，用ＥｃｏＲⅠ＋ＳａｌⅠ对ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ进行双酶切后，回收含有狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ和绵羊ＭＴ启动子的２．７６ｋｂ片段，通过显微注射技术将该片段注入小鼠单细胞受精卵雄前核内，在进行胚胎移植后，获得４４只小鼠，经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交及原位     

Blackhead disease (Histomonas meleagridis) aggravated in broiler chickens by concurrent infection with cecal coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella).

The effect of concurrent cecal coccidiosis infections on severity of Histomonas meleagridis (blackhead disease) in chickens was investigated in a series of experiments. Cecal lesions from H. meleagridis were severe in all inoculated control groups and did not appear to be affected by the introduction of Eimeria tenella infection. However, the severity of liver lesions and number of birds positive for liver lesions of H. meleagridis increased significantly with the presence of E. tenella. The increase was similar when 10(3) or 10(4) oocysts of E. tenella were given and was the same when oocysts were given at the same time as H. meleagridis or 4 days prior. The liver lesions increased directly as doses of H. meleagridis increased from 7.5 x 10(3) cells to 30, 100, or 300 x 10(3) when E. tenella was given along with H. melelagridis but not when H. meleagridis was given alone. Administration of a live coccidiosis vaccine containing very low levels of E. tenella also gave a significant boost to liver lesions but at a much lower level than that observed with larger doses of E. tenella. The positive relationship between infections of cecal coccidiosis and H. meleagridis in chickens suggests that such dual exposure may contribute to increased clinical outbreaks of blackhead disease in chickens under field conditions.     

Systematic Review of Brain Tumor Treatment in Dogs

Intracranial neoplasia is commonly diagnosed in dogs and can be treated by a variety of methods, but formal comparisons of treatment efficacy are currently unavailable. This review was undertaken to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding outcome after the treatment of intracranial masses in dogs, with the aim of defining optimal recommendations for owners. This review summarizes data from 794 cases in 22 previously published reports and follows PRISMA guidelines for systematic review. A Pubmed search was used to identify suitable articles. These then were analyzed for quality and interstudy variability of inclusion and exclusion criteria and the outcome data extracted for summary in graphs and tables. There was a high degree of heterogeneity among studies with respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria, definition of survival periods, and cases lost to follow‐up making comparisons among modalities troublesome. There is a need for standardized design and reporting of outcomes of treatment for brain tumors in dogs. The available data do not support lomustine as an effective treatment, but also do not show a clear difference in outcome between radiotherapy and surgery for those cases in which the choice is available.