天台黄山松种子园土壤肥力评价与改良措施

分析结果表明，天台华顶林场黄山松种子园土壤肥力平均水平中等偏下，尤其是有机质和的含量偏低，而氮的含量与针叶叶绿素的含量密切相关，为促进黄山松植株的生长，该种子园在加强水平带整修，开好竹节沟保水保土的同时，应着重套种绿肥，增施土杂肥，施化肥则以Ｎ．Ｐ．Ｋ混合肥或复合肥为好。     

应用PAPD方法对鸡败血霉形体DNA多态性的研究

用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,通过筛选的５个随机引物（ＯＰＨ－０２,ＯＰＨ－０５,ＯＰＨ－０７,ＯＰＨ－１３,ＯＰＧ－１６）,对１４株鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）国际标准株和国内分离株进行了ＤＮＡ多态性研究。结果表明,５个引物共产生２１种条带,其中有３个条带分别为２个菌株所特有,扩增产物片段的长度在１５０～４５００ｂｐ之间,所有菌株均有１条共同条带,以ＯＰＨ－０５扩增产物的多态性最丰富。根据样品ＤＮＡ所获得的菌株间相似性指数表明,Ｄ９６０３与Ｄ９６０７相似指数最高,Ｓ６,Ｋ３９１３和Ｄ９６０４三者相互间相似性指数最低。提示ＲＡＰＤ方法可用于霉形体遗传标记的分析。     

果子蔓凤梨Actin基因的克隆与序列分析

持家基因Actin常被用作定量、半定量PCR试验的内参,以确定目标基因的相对表达量。基于前期从全长cDNA文库中获得Actin基因的EST单克隆,进行Primer Walking测序,获得一个Actin基因的全长cDNA序列,序列长1625bp,ORF为1131bp,可编码377个蛋白氨基酸,命名为Goactin1(GenBank登录号:HQ184438)。蛋白质理论分子质量为41.7kD,等电点pI为5.31,包含一个Actin superfamily保守区,二级结构主要由随机卷曲、Alpha螺旋、延伸链和Beta转角组成。此外以2BTF A链为基础建立起了Goactin1蛋白的三级结构图。系统进化树分析表明Goactin1蛋白与马铃薯、棉花、烟草、短柄草、拟南芥等的Actin蛋白聚为一类,它们的亲缘关系最近。     

同异分析法在评价气象因子与水稻产量关系中的初步研究

运用同异分析法,分析和评价了信阳市1996～2005年度水稻生长期间主要气象因子,结果表明：1997、1999和2001年为丰产年份;1996、1998、2002和2004年为平产年份;2000、2003和2005年为歉产年份。分析方法切实可行,评价结论客观合理,为科学评价年度间的水稻气象产量提供了一条新的途径。     

考虑配置的多源注水系统泵站运行方案优化

为了实现对多源注水系统中各站内运行注水泵的型号、数量及运行参数同时进行优化,以系统输入功率最小为优化目标,考虑水量平衡、泵流量、泵正常运行压力、泵型号等约束,建立了考虑泵配置的泵站运行方案优化数学模型.针对优化问题的特点,设计了双重编码改进遗传算法对模型进行求解.在双重编码中,第1行采用实数编码表示泵的流量,第2行采用整数编码表示泵所属注水站编号,实现了对优化变量的准确描述,并指出了解的编码为变长度编码.设计了根据流量确定泵型号的方法,泵的其他运行参数根据选择的泵型号确定.在改进遗传算法操作过程中,设计了初始解的产生方法及与问题相适应的多种交叉和变异方法,使部分约束条件得到了满足,减少了不可行解的数量.利用本算法对某深度注水系统进行了优化设计,优化后系统输入功率比现状降低了2.42%,表明在多源注水系统中对泵的配置及运行参数进行同时优化节能效果明显.     

木豆贮藏蛋白基因的克隆及其序列分析

根据几种豆科植物贮藏蛋白基因序列同源性设计简并引物,通过反转录扩增,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测和测序,并利用NCBI数据库及Blast工具进行分析,从木豆中克隆得到1个贮藏蛋白基因的cDNA片断,长度为833 bp.采用RACE、RT-PCR技术扩增得到该基因的全长cDNA,含1 595 bp,推测编码区为1551 bp(16-1566bp),编码516个氨基酸,分子量为57.718 ku,等电点为4.68.该基因推导的氨基酸与大豆(1303273A)、野生大豆(CAA55977.1)、羽扇豆(AEB33710.1)、花生(AAU21493.1)、菜豆(ADR30064.1)、野豌豆(CAA83674.1)为、截形苜蓿(XP_003590690.1)的贮藏蛋白同源性分别达到83％、79％、77％、73％、67％、65％、65％.     

A fast quantitative identification algorithm of colorimetric visual-sensor-array based on basic units matching

There are many difficulties to process a colorimetric visual-sensor-array by traditional processing methods, such as complicated manual analysis due to many data and hard to finish varieties and concentrations identification simultaneously, etc. In view of colorimetric-sensor-array’s same location response to the same gas, a fast quantitative identification algorithm of colorimetric visual-sensor-array based on basic units matching which can solve these problems is proposed. First, denoising and feature extraction are processed by setting experienced threshold to reduce redundancies and lessen manual analysis. Second, a creative qualitative analysis method based on basic units is put forward, which not only reduces computation, but also increases efficiency and precision. Finally, a ANFIS of NH3 concentration recognition utilizing advantages of fuzzy logic and neural network is used to distinguish low concentration NH3. The advantage of this algorithm is that varieties and concentrations of different gases could be detected successively, solving the problem of recognition errors caused by characteristic data infection when varieties and concentrations of different gases are detected simultaneously.The results of template matching based on basic units show that the classification accuracy of NH3, Cl2 and SO2 are 100%. The low concentration NH3 classification accuracy is also very high after species identification with measurement errors below 5%.     

药用植物填料减轻卷烟危害机理的研究进展

卷烟中药用植物填料的运用形式不同、填料在卷烟及其相关产品的使用位置不同,药用植物减害的目标指向及其理化和药理机理就不同,主要机理涉及3个方面。首先,中草药与烟草同源,药用植物用于卷烟减害契合中医的烟熏疗法,体现了中医的配伍理论,药用植物具备能预防、缓解或治疗吸烟所致疾病的特定类群。其次,药用植物填料通过直接截留、物理吸附、化学吸附和催化解毒来降低烟气中焦油、烟碱、稠环芳烃、亚硝胺、自由基、挥发性酚类、巴豆醛、氰化氢、一氧化氮、一氧化碳、氨和重金属元素的含量。再者,卷烟中药用植物成分的特定熔点、沸点或气化点和吸燃烟支的温度条件决定了成分具备烟气转移属性,能缓解、治疗吸烟所致的呼吸道疾病、血管损伤及癌变,并具一般性的消炎和提高机体免疫力的功效,可为卷烟的药用植物减害实践和中国特色卷烟的研发提供依据。     

基于GIS的江苏省溧阳市耕地地力评价研究

以江苏省溧阳市为研究区域,以耕地地力评价为研究对象,以县域耕地资源管理信息系统软件为应用平台,用GIS技术将各种属性数据和空间数据进行处理与整合;采用土地利用现状图和土壤图叠加形成评价单元;结合耕地的自然要素选择12个因素作为评价因子;采用相关分析、因子分析、模糊评价、层次分析等数学分析原理,构造层次结构、建立评价因子隶属函数模型及计算各因子的权重,建立了一种定性与定量相结合的耕地地力评价方法。采用累积曲线法来确定耕地地力等级数目以及划分等级界限,将全市56251 hm2耕地,划分为5个等级。其中一级地1309 hm2,占2.30%;二级地20689 hm2,占36.78%;三级地31097 hm2,占55.28%;四级地3136 hm2,占5.60%;五级地20 hm2,占0.04%。研究结果表明,地力等级的划分和各等级的比重确定比较科学和客观,评价结果较准确地反映了研究区域内耕地地力的状况,基本符合当地的客观实际,表明所采用的评价方法对耕地地力评价具有可行性和科学性,对科学管理耕地具有指导意义。     

Effect of soil moisture during stratification on dormancy release in seeds of five common weed species

Although the effects of cold stratification on the release of physiological dormancy in seeds have been studied extensively, knowledge of the role of soil moisture content on seed dormancy release during cold stratification is limited. Our study determined seed dormancy characteristics and the effect of soil moisture content on seed dormancy breakage during cold stratification in the five common weed species Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Plantago lanceolata and Setaria glauca. Seeds of all five species were dormant at the time of harvest and their germination response to light and temperature varied. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on seed dormancy release of all species except P. lanceolata. Germination percentage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum increased and then decreased as soil moisture content increased, regardless of germination test temperature. The optimal soil moisture content and seed moisture content for dormancy breakage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum were 8%, 12%, 8% and 22.0%, 37.7%, 25.7% respectively. Dry storage (after‐ripening) significantly increased germination of S. glauca. Moreover, increasing soil moisture content first slowed and then increased dormancy breakage in S. glauca. These results suggest that data on soil moisture content should be incorporated into models that predict weed seed dormancy breakage and timing of seedling emergence as well as those for weed management.